The Relationship between Positive and Negative Self-Talk with Competitive Anxiety and Percentage of Correct Services during a Volleyball Match

Document Type : Original article

Author

PhD in Motor Behavior, Assistant Professor, Physical Education and Sport Science Department, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Azarbaijan Sharghi, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

Background and Aim: Self-talk isa cognitive behavioral technique to improve task performance.The purpose of the present research was to study the relationship between positive and negative self-talk and competitive anxiety, and the percentage of correct services during a volleyball match.
Materials and Methods: The present study was descriptive cross-correlational. The primary population consisted of all volleyball teams that participated in Ramazan cup. A total of 43 persons were randomly selected as sample group. To collect data, Hardy self-talk and Cox competitive anxiety Questionnaire and for assessing the percentage of correct services in the match, video recording and observation were used.
Results: The results demonstrated that there is a relationship between the percentage of positive and negative self-talk and correct services during competition but this relationship is not significant. Also, no significant relationship was found between positive self-talk and anxiety percentage during competition, but there was a significant relationship between negative self-talk and anxiety during the competition.
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, there is a relationship between self-talk and servicing performance and also reduction of competitive anxiety, so positive self-talk can be used as a cognitive strategy along with the physical exercises.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Hatzigeorgiadis A, Zourbanos N, Galanis E, Theodorakis Y. Self-talk and sport performance: A meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 2011; 6(4): 348-356.##
  2. Johnson JJM, Hrycaiko DW, Johnson GV, Hallas JM. Self-talk and   female youth soccer performance. The Sport Psychologist. 2004; 18(1): 44-59.##
  3. Hardy J. Speaking clearly: A critical review of the self-talk literature. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2006; 7(1): 81–97.##
  4. Afrozeh MS, Mohamadzadeh H, Edrisi kolvar M, Afrozeh A. Effect of latent and clear motivational self-talk on pressure understanding and Performance Performance in progressive exercise on exhaustion wrestles. Jornal of development and motor learning. 2014; 6 (2): 245-257. [In Persian].##
  5. Gammage KL, Hardy J, Hall CR. A description of self-talk in exercise. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2001; 2(4): 233-247.##
  6. Gooding A, Gardner FL. An investigation of the relationship between mindfulness, preshot routine, and basketball free throw percentage. Journal of Clinical Sports Psychology. 2009; 3(4): 303-319.##
  7. Lodge J, Kim Harte D. Tripp G. Children is self-talk under conditions of mild anxiety .Journal of anxiety disorders. 1998; 12(2):153-176.##
  8. Goudas M, Hatzidimitriou V, Kikidi M. The effects of self-talk on throwing-and jumping-events performance. Hellenic J Psychol. 2006; 3: 105-116.##
  9. Boroujeni ST, Shahbazi M. The effect of instructional and motivational self-talk on performance of basketball’s motor skills. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2011;15:3113-7. [In Persian].##
  10. Zinsser N, Bunker LK, Williams J.M. Cognitive techniques for improving performance and building confidence. In J. M. Williams (Ed.) Applied Sport Psychology: Personal growth to peak performance (4ed. pp.284-311). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.2001.##
  11. Hatzigeorgiadis A, Zourbanos N, Mpoumpaki S, Theodorakis Y. Mechanisms underlying the self-talk-performance relationship: The effects of motivational self-talk on self-confidence and anxiety. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2009; 10(1): 186-192.##
  12. Martens, R. Sport psychology instructor for coaching. Translated by Mohammad kheibari.1 ed, Tehran, bamdad ketab. 2013.[In Persian].##
  13. Goharrokhi S. Investigating the rate of athletes`anxiety in cognitive and motorcognitive fields. Phy Edu Sport Sci. 2005; 5: 30-45. [In Persian].##
  14. Woodman T, Hardy L. Stress and anxiety. In R. Singer, H. A. Hausenblas, & C. M. Janelle (Eds.), Handbook of research on sport psychology (2nd ed., pp. 290-318). New York: Wiley. 2001.##
  15. Robazza C, Bortoli L. Perceived impact of anger and anxiety on performance in rugby players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2007;8(6):875-96.##
  16. Besharat MA, Pourbohlool S. Moderating effects of self-confidence and sport selfefficacy on the relationship between competitiveanxiety and sport performance. Psychology. 2011;2(07):760.##
  17. Craft LL, Magyar TM, Becker BJ, Feltz DL. The relationship between the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and sport performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2003; 25, 44-65.##
  18. Martinent G, Ferrand CA. cluster analysis of precompetitive anxiety: Relationship with perfectionism and trait anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences. 2007;43(7):1676-86.##
  19. Hanton S, Neil R, Mellalieu SD. Recent developments in competitive anxiety direction and competition stress research. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2008;1(1):45-57##
  20. Hanton S, Mellalieu SD, Hall R. Selfconfidence and anxiety interpretation: A qualitative investigation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2004;5(4):477-95.##
  21. Otten M. Choking vs. Clutch performance: a study of sport performance under pressure. J Sport Exerc Psychol2009; 31: 583-601.##
  22. Papaioannou A, Ballon F, Theodorakis Y, Vanden Auwelle Y. Combined effect of goal setting and self-talk in performance of a soccer-shooting task. Percept Mot Skill. 2004;98(1):89-99##
  23. Rashidi A, Atash-Poor H, Badami R. Effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on the Football AnxietyJournal of Isfahan Medical School. 2013; 31 (255):1608-1619.##
  24. Farrokhi A, Hashemian P, Mirifar A, Keyhani M, Kaikhavani S. The Effect of Neurofeedback Training onTheTrait-Competitive Anxiety of Athletes. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 2013; 2:21-27. [In Persian].##
  25. Bobic, A. Relationship among the types and use of self-talk, free throw percentage, and anxiety of collegiate basketball players. The Faculty of Humboldt State University, Masters of Science in Kinesiology. 2013.##
  26. Hardy J, Hall CR, Gonld D. Quantifying athlete self-talk. Journal of Sport Sciences. 2005;23(9):905-17##
  27. Cox RH, Martens MP, Russell WD. Measuring Anxiety in Athletics: The Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. J ournal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. 2003; 25 (4):519.##
  28. Afsaneh pork SA.  The Effect of self-talk and imagery on performance and efficacy in adolsense adolescent. MA Dissertation, Kharazmi University.2011. [In Persian].##
  29. Theodorakis Y, Croni A, Laparidi C, Bebetsos E, Douma E. Self-talk in a basketball shooting task. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2001; 92(1): 309-315. ##
  30. Gardner F, Moore, Z. Clinical sport psychology. Human kinetks. 2005.##
  31. Lee LG., Blumenfeld RS, D’ Esposito M.  Disruption of dorsolateral but not ventrolateral prefrontal cortex improves unconscious perceptual memories. The Journal of Neuroscience. 2013; 33(32): 94-100.##
  32. Beilock S.C. What the secrets of the brain reveal about getting it right when you have to. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc. 2010. ##
  33. Hatzigeorgiadis A, Biddle, SJH. Negative self-talk during sport performance: Relationships with pre-competition anxiety and goal-performance discrepancies. Journal of Sport Behavior. 2008; 31(3): 237-253.##
  34. Highlen PS, Bennett BB. Elite divers and wrestlers: A comparison between open- and closed-skill athletes. Journal of Sport Psychology. 1983; 5(4): 390- 409.##
  35. Flett GL, Hewitt PL. The perils of perfectionism in sports and exercise. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2005; 14(1): 14-18.##
  36. Calvete E, Estevez A, Landin C, Mortinez Y, Cardenoso O, Villardan L, et al. Self-talk and affective problems in college students: Valence of thinking and cognitive content specificity. Span J Psychol. 2005; 8(1): 56-67.##

 

The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
Volume 4, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
November and December 2015
Pages 116-124

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 27 February 2015
  • Revise Date: 17 May 2015
  • Accept Date: 20 August 2015
  • First Publish Date: 22 December 2015

Share

How to cite

Statistics