Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 13 1 2024 03 20 The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Sports Injuries, Based on the Stress and Sports Injury Model: A Systematic Review The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Sports Injuries, Based on the Stress and Sports Injury Model: A Systematic Review 2 17 1101629 10.32598/SJRM.13.1.16 FA Aynollah Naderi Department of Biology, Faculty of Sport Science, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Semnan, Iran. 0000-0003-4765-8953 Fatemeh Shaabani Department of Sport Psychology, School of Sport Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2021 10 21 Background and Aims Although several studies have been conducted on the relationship between personality traits and sports injuries, their relationship with the occurrence of sports injuries is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review study was to review the relationship between personality factors presented in Williams and Anderson’s stress sports injury model. Methods The present study was a systematic review. Search for articles was conducted in the specialized databases “Embase,” “Medline,” “SPORTDiscus,” “Biomed Central,” “Web of Science,” and “PubMed” from inception until May 2021. The keywords “sports injury,” “sensation seeking,” “achievement motivation,” “locus of control,” “anxiety,” “personality traits,” and “hardiness” were used for the search. Results The literature search in different databases led to the extraction of 1283 articles. After duplicate removal, article screening, and full-text assessment, 28 articles were found that examined the association between personality traits and sports injuries. The study of the content of these articles showed a significant relationship between trait anxiety and the emergence of sports injuries. However, there are conflicting results regarding the relationship between locus of control and sensation seeking with the occurrence of sports injuries. Additionally, the number of studies on the relationship between hardiness and achievement motivation with sports injuries was limited. Conclusion A review of previous studies suggests a significant relationship between competitive trait anxiety and sports injuries. Further studies are needed to draw better and stronger conclusions about the relationship between mental hardiness, locus of control, sensation seeking, and achievement motivation with sports injuries. Background and Aims Although several studies have been conducted on the relationship between personality traits and sports injuries, their relationship with the occurrence of sports injuries is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review study was to review the relationship between personality factors presented in Williams and Anderson’s stress sports injury model. Methods The present study was a systematic review. Search for articles was conducted in the specialized databases “Embase,” “Medline,” “SPORTDiscus,” “Biomed Central,” “Web of Science,” and “PubMed” from inception until May 2021. The keywords “sports injury,” “sensation seeking,” “achievement motivation,” “locus of control,” “anxiety,” “personality traits,” and “hardiness” were used for the search. Results The literature search in different databases led to the extraction of 1283 articles. After duplicate removal, article screening, and full-text assessment, 28 articles were found that examined the association between personality traits and sports injuries. The study of the content of these articles showed a significant relationship between trait anxiety and the emergence of sports injuries. However, there are conflicting results regarding the relationship between locus of control and sensation seeking with the occurrence of sports injuries. Additionally, the number of studies on the relationship between hardiness and achievement motivation with sports injuries was limited. Conclusion A review of previous studies suggests a significant relationship between competitive trait anxiety and sports injuries. Further studies are needed to draw better and stronger conclusions about the relationship between mental hardiness, locus of control, sensation seeking, and achievement motivation with sports injuries.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1101629_f4196a6f57b05f8503eef0b7881ff09e.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 13 1 2024 03 20 The Effect of Kinesiophobia on Return to Sports After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review The Effect of Kinesiophobia on Return to Sports After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review 18 33 1101687 10.32598/SJRM.13.1.14 FA Ali Asghar Norasteh Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. 0000-0003-3540-4470 Moosareza Ghorbani Department of Sport Injury and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. 0000-0003-4520-0826 Journal Article 2021 12 16 Background and Aims Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the injuries that can permanently end the professional courier of an athlete. Almost half of athletes cannot return to their competitive levels before injury, even after successful rehabilitation. For this reason, there is another factor besides physical factors in not returning to sports practice, which in most studies is attributed to psychological factors. Fear of re-injury and fear of movement (kinesiophobia) are factors that prevent athletes from returning to sports activities after the reconstruction of the ACL. Many studies have examined the psychological factors after reconstruction and injury of the ACL. However, no study has so far examined and concluded about kinesiophobia after ACL reconstruction. Methods In this study, we searched published studies from 2000 to 2020 examining the effect of kinesiophobia on return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. In this study, we searched the relevant articles considering specialized English and Persian keywords, including «fear of movement,» «fear of re-injury,» «kinesiophobia,» «psychological factors of exercise,» «return to sport,» and «anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction» in academic Persian and English databases: Google Scholar, TRIP, PEDro, PubMed, Irandoc, SID, and Magiran. Results After the search, 162 articles were initially found. After reviewing the abstracts, 57 articles were remained. Then, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 articles were finally selected for inclusion in this study. Conclusion According to research findings, fear of movement and fear of re-injury in athletes after ACL reconstruction can delay their return to sports activities. This setback can reduce the quality of life and participation in sports and recreational games and causes depression and stress. Different rehabilitation approaches are highly effective in gaining various results after the reconstruction of ACL. Because physical and psychological improvement do not advance in parallel, it seems necessary to establish a new approach in sports rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction. Background and Aims Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the injuries that can permanently end the professional courier of an athlete. Almost half of athletes cannot return to their competitive levels before injury, even after successful rehabilitation. For this reason, there is another factor besides physical factors in not returning to sports practice, which in most studies is attributed to psychological factors. Fear of re-injury and fear of movement (kinesiophobia) are factors that prevent athletes from returning to sports activities after the reconstruction of the ACL. Many studies have examined the psychological factors after reconstruction and injury of the ACL. However, no study has so far examined and concluded about kinesiophobia after ACL reconstruction. Methods In this study, we searched published studies from 2000 to 2020 examining the effect of kinesiophobia on return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. In this study, we searched the relevant articles considering specialized English and Persian keywords, including «fear of movement,» «fear of re-injury,» «kinesiophobia,» «psychological factors of exercise,» «return to sport,» and «anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction» in academic Persian and English databases: Google Scholar, TRIP, PEDro, PubMed, Irandoc, SID, and Magiran. Results After the search, 162 articles were initially found. After reviewing the abstracts, 57 articles were remained. Then, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 articles were finally selected for inclusion in this study. Conclusion According to research findings, fear of movement and fear of re-injury in athletes after ACL reconstruction can delay their return to sports activities. This setback can reduce the quality of life and participation in sports and recreational games and causes depression and stress. Different rehabilitation approaches are highly effective in gaining various results after the reconstruction of ACL. Because physical and psychological improvement do not advance in parallel, it seems necessary to establish a new approach in sports rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1101687_82057c03540c7f7acfd210aa2a3dac40.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 13 1 2024 03 20 Effect of 8 Weeks Aquatic Exercises on the Center of Gravity Sway in Blind Women Effect of 8 Weeks Aquatic Exercises on the Center of Gravity Sway in Blind Women 34 47 1101597 10.32598/SJRM.13.1.1 FA Asma Salari Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran. 0000-0002-1519-6363 Fatemeh Karimi Afshar Department of Sport Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 0000-0001-5016-0676 Journal Article 2021 11 07 Background and Aims Individuals with vision loss are at an increased risk of falls. Due to postural control impairment in blind people, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aquatic exercises on the center of pressure sway in blind women. Methods Thirty blind females were selected and randomly assigned into the experimental (Mean±SD age: 28.93±2.25 years, Mean±SD height: 1.56±6.46 m, and Mean±SD weight: 58.06±7.91 kg) and control groups (Mean±SD age: 29.13±2.23 years, Mean±SD height: 1.57±7.48 m and Mean±SD weight 57.93±7.99 kg). The experimental group participated in an aquatic exercise program for 8 weeks, while the control group received no intervention. The participants’ index of the center of gravity sways was evaluated using the RS scan pressure distribution before and after the intervention. In the end, the analysis of covariance was used for data analysis (P≤0.05). Results The results showed a significant decrease in the center of pressure sway scores (ellipse area and traveled distance sway of body center of gravity), both in the posterior-anterior and anterior-posterior perturbations, after conducting the 8 weeks aquatic exercise program in the experimental group (P<0.05) compared to the control group. Conclusion Generally, designing an appropriate exercise protocol can significantly change the center of gravity sway (decrease in the ellipse area and traveled distance sway of body center of gravity). Therefore, it is recommended that aquatic and somatosensory exercises be incorporated into training programs for blind people to reduce the risk of falls in these individuals. Background and Aims Individuals with vision loss are at an increased risk of falls. Due to postural control impairment in blind people, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aquatic exercises on the center of pressure sway in blind women. Methods Thirty blind females were selected and randomly assigned into the experimental (Mean±SD age: 28.93±2.25 years, Mean±SD height: 1.56±6.46 m, and Mean±SD weight: 58.06±7.91 kg) and control groups (Mean±SD age: 29.13±2.23 years, Mean±SD height: 1.57±7.48 m and Mean±SD weight 57.93±7.99 kg). The experimental group participated in an aquatic exercise program for 8 weeks, while the control group received no intervention. The participants’ index of the center of gravity sways was evaluated using the RS scan pressure distribution before and after the intervention. In the end, the analysis of covariance was used for data analysis (P≤0.05). Results The results showed a significant decrease in the center of pressure sway scores (ellipse area and traveled distance sway of body center of gravity), both in the posterior-anterior and anterior-posterior perturbations, after conducting the 8 weeks aquatic exercise program in the experimental group (P<0.05) compared to the control group. Conclusion Generally, designing an appropriate exercise protocol can significantly change the center of gravity sway (decrease in the ellipse area and traveled distance sway of body center of gravity). Therefore, it is recommended that aquatic and somatosensory exercises be incorporated into training programs for blind people to reduce the risk of falls in these individuals.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1101597_20ee78e3741947e63addac1da234dfc8.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 13 1 2024 03 20 Comparing Frequency Spectrum of Ground Reaction Forces in Blind and Healthy Participants With Open and Closed Eyes During Walking Comparing Frequency Spectrum of Ground Reaction Forces in Blind and Healthy Participants With Open and Closed Eyes During Walking 48 61 1101632 10.32598/SJRM.13.1.2 FA Mohsen Barghamadi Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. 0000-0002-1794-9410 Hadi Allahverdidost Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Hadi Panahi Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Journal Article 2021 08 31 Background and Aims This study aimed to compare the frequency spectrum of ground reaction forces in blind and healthy participants with open and closed eyes during walking. Methods This study was quasi-experimental. The statistic samples comprised 15 blind men with a mean age of 25.22±6.33 years and 15 healthy men with a mean age of 27.22±5.31 years. They were selected by available sampling. A foot scan (RS Scan International, Belgium) device was used to measure the foot pressure values while walking. Variables of foot pressure were recorded at a sampling frequency of 300 Hz. For data analysis, we used the paired t test to compare the within-group means and the independent t test to compare the between-group means in SPSS software, version 24. Results The results showed that the frequency content with 99.5% power was greater in the blind group than in the healthy group with open eyes in the vertical direction, first metatarsal, and lateral and medial heel parts (P<0.05). Also, the frequency content with 99.5% power was greater in the healthy group with closed eyes than those healthy ones with open eyes (P<0.05). The frequency content with 99.5% power (P=0.004) and numbers of essential harmonics (P=0.003) in the vertical direction in the blind group were respectively 9.84% and 13.51% less than the healthy group with closed eyes. The number of essential harmonics (P=0.002) in the vertical direction in the healthy group with closed eyes was 20.61% greater than those healthy ones with open eyes. The frequency content with 99.5% power in the vertical direction in the blind group was less than that of the healthy group with closed eyes (P=0.023). Conclusion Considering the increase in frequency with 99.5% power and the number of essential harmonics in different areas of the soles of the foot in the blind group and healthy group with closed eye, it is recommended that physiotherapists, motion analysts, and rehabilitation specialists design a special rehabilitation protocol for blind people and those who lost their vision due to an accident. Background and Aims This study aimed to compare the frequency spectrum of ground reaction forces in blind and healthy participants with open and closed eyes during walking. Methods This study was quasi-experimental. The statistic samples comprised 15 blind men with a mean age of 25.22±6.33 years and 15 healthy men with a mean age of 27.22±5.31 years. They were selected by available sampling. A foot scan (RS Scan International, Belgium) device was used to measure the foot pressure values while walking. Variables of foot pressure were recorded at a sampling frequency of 300 Hz. For data analysis, we used the paired t test to compare the within-group means and the independent t test to compare the between-group means in SPSS software, version 24. Results The results showed that the frequency content with 99.5% power was greater in the blind group than in the healthy group with open eyes in the vertical direction, first metatarsal, and lateral and medial heel parts (P<0.05). Also, the frequency content with 99.5% power was greater in the healthy group with closed eyes than those healthy ones with open eyes (P<0.05). The frequency content with 99.5% power (P=0.004) and numbers of essential harmonics (P=0.003) in the vertical direction in the blind group were respectively 9.84% and 13.51% less than the healthy group with closed eyes. The number of essential harmonics (P=0.002) in the vertical direction in the healthy group with closed eyes was 20.61% greater than those healthy ones with open eyes. The frequency content with 99.5% power in the vertical direction in the blind group was less than that of the healthy group with closed eyes (P=0.023). Conclusion Considering the increase in frequency with 99.5% power and the number of essential harmonics in different areas of the soles of the foot in the blind group and healthy group with closed eye, it is recommended that physiotherapists, motion analysts, and rehabilitation specialists design a special rehabilitation protocol for blind people and those who lost their vision due to an accident.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1101632_450e7ee169ea9d9548a4fb3d5c175322.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 13 1 2024 03 20 The Effectiveness of Tai Chi Exercises on Balance, Fear of Falling, Working Memory, and Selective Attention in Older Women The Effectiveness of Tai Chi Exercises on Balance, Fear of Falling, Working Memory, and Selective Attention in Older Women 62 77 1101699 10.32598/SJRM.13.1.4 FA Soheila Qalecheh Yazdani Department of Behavior and Cognitive Sciences in Sports, Faculty of Alborz Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-5417-942x Mahmoud Sheikh Department of Behavior and Cognitive Sciences in Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-4029-3568 Mahboubeh Ghayour Najafabadi Department of Behavior and Cognitive Sciences in Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-2350-4514 Yousef Moghadas Tabrizi Department of Sport Injuries and Biomechanics, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-4434-9082 Davood Houmanian Department of Behavior and Cognitive Sciences in Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-3250-832X Journal Article 2022 04 18 Background and Aims Physical and mental disabilities and diseases increase with the onset of old age. On the other hand, the observation of older people who have considerably maintained their cognitive and physical abilities by changing their lifestyle rejects the belief that old age is always associated with profound physical and mental defects. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Tai Chi exercises on balance, fear of falling, working memory, and selective attention in older women. Methods The present study is an applied study in which 47 older women with a mean age of 62.91±0.580 years from Tehran City, Iran, announced their readiness to cooperate after responding to a cyberspace call. Of them, 40 eligible women were selected. After performing the pretest (static and dynamic balance tests, working memory and selective attention, and falling efficiency questionnaire), they were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Then, the experimental group participated in the Tai Chi training program online for 8 weeks, and the control group performed their daily activities. Finally, the post-test was performed, and the results were recorded. Data analysis was performed by statistical method of analysis of covariance and combined analysis of variance using SPSS software at the level of P≤0.05. Results The results of the analysis of covariance showed that the effect of Tai Chi exercises on static balance (P=0.001), dynamic balance (P=0.001), fear of falling (P=0.001), working memory (P=0.022), and selective attention (P=0.002) was significant. Comparing the groups, the results showed that in all components studied, the participants in the experimental group performed better than the control group (P=0.001). Conclusion According to the findings, Tai Chi exercises are a useful way to improve balance, reduce fear of falling, enhance working memory, and increase selective attention in older women. Background and Aims Physical and mental disabilities and diseases increase with the onset of old age. On the other hand, the observation of older people who have considerably maintained their cognitive and physical abilities by changing their lifestyle rejects the belief that old age is always associated with profound physical and mental defects. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Tai Chi exercises on balance, fear of falling, working memory, and selective attention in older women. Methods The present study is an applied study in which 47 older women with a mean age of 62.91±0.580 years from Tehran City, Iran, announced their readiness to cooperate after responding to a cyberspace call. Of them, 40 eligible women were selected. After performing the pretest (static and dynamic balance tests, working memory and selective attention, and falling efficiency questionnaire), they were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Then, the experimental group participated in the Tai Chi training program online for 8 weeks, and the control group performed their daily activities. Finally, the post-test was performed, and the results were recorded. Data analysis was performed by statistical method of analysis of covariance and combined analysis of variance using SPSS software at the level of P≤0.05. Results The results of the analysis of covariance showed that the effect of Tai Chi exercises on static balance (P=0.001), dynamic balance (P=0.001), fear of falling (P=0.001), working memory (P=0.022), and selective attention (P=0.002) was significant. Comparing the groups, the results showed that in all components studied, the participants in the experimental group performed better than the control group (P=0.001). Conclusion According to the findings, Tai Chi exercises are a useful way to improve balance, reduce fear of falling, enhance working memory, and increase selective attention in older women.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1101699_746be7d6dc9b9818ab20b74e40998aff.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 13 1 2024 03 20 The Effect of 8 Weeks of Otago Exercise on the Selected Walking Factors in Patients With Parkinson Disease The Effect of 8 Weeks of Otago Exercise on the Selected Walking Factors in Patients With Parkinson Disease 78 93 1101704 10.32598/SJRM.13.1.5 FA Faezeh Masoumi Department of Health and Sport Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences & Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-2130-8245 Amirhossein Barati Department of Health and Sport Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences & Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-9952-5557 Mohammad Rohani Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Hazrat Rasool-E Akram General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-5409-1804 Leila Ghazaleh Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-5228-2703 Journal Article 2022 05 22 Background and Aims Physical activities play a preventive role in Parkinson disease by maintaining the physical fitness and health of the patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of Otago exercise on selected walking factors in patients with Parkinson disease. Methods This quasi-experimental study was performed on the experimental and control groups with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of the present study comprised all patients with Parkinson disease (with at least stage three on the Hoehn and Yahr intensity scale) referred to the neurologist offices with an age range of 55-75 years. The subjects were randomly divided into groups of Otago exercises (n=16, with Mean±SD age: 63.0±6.4 years, Mean±SD weight: 65.7±5.2 kg, and mean height 1.74±0.07 m) and control (n=16; with Mean±SD age: 63.4±5.7 years, Mean±SD weight: 64.1±5.9 kg, and Mean±SD height: 1.72±0.09 m). Eight weeks of Otago exercise was performed three times a week for 60 minutes at each session. A motion analysis system consisting of 8 cameras and 2 force plates was used to record selected walking factors, including step length, step width, and knee joint extension changes. The paired t test was used to compare each group in the pretest and posttest, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare between groups. Results The results showed significant differences in the step length, step width, and knee extension changes in patients with Parkinson disease between the experimental and control groups (P<0.001). Also, the results showed that patients with Parkinson disease had longer step length, shorter step width, and greater knee extension in both legs after Otago exercise. Conclusion Otago exercises can be used as one of the easy and low-cost methods in improving the walking components of patients with Parkinson disease. Background and Aims Physical activities play a preventive role in Parkinson disease by maintaining the physical fitness and health of the patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of Otago exercise on selected walking factors in patients with Parkinson disease. Methods This quasi-experimental study was performed on the experimental and control groups with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of the present study comprised all patients with Parkinson disease (with at least stage three on the Hoehn and Yahr intensity scale) referred to the neurologist offices with an age range of 55-75 years. The subjects were randomly divided into groups of Otago exercises (n=16, with Mean±SD age: 63.0±6.4 years, Mean±SD weight: 65.7±5.2 kg, and mean height 1.74±0.07 m) and control (n=16; with Mean±SD age: 63.4±5.7 years, Mean±SD weight: 64.1±5.9 kg, and Mean±SD height: 1.72±0.09 m). Eight weeks of Otago exercise was performed three times a week for 60 minutes at each session. A motion analysis system consisting of 8 cameras and 2 force plates was used to record selected walking factors, including step length, step width, and knee joint extension changes. The paired t test was used to compare each group in the pretest and posttest, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare between groups. Results The results showed significant differences in the step length, step width, and knee extension changes in patients with Parkinson disease between the experimental and control groups (P<0.001). Also, the results showed that patients with Parkinson disease had longer step length, shorter step width, and greater knee extension in both legs after Otago exercise. Conclusion Otago exercises can be used as one of the easy and low-cost methods in improving the walking components of patients with Parkinson disease.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1101704_195c24d934dee11356a113d5ff43ae11.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 13 1 2024 03 20 The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Cognitive Emotion Regulation in People With Physical and Motor Disabilities The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Cognitive Emotion Regulation in People With Physical and Motor Disabilities 94 105 1101617 10.32598/SJRM.13.1.6 FA Maryam Sharifi Department of Psychology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. 0000-0002-8034-4318 Keivan Kakabraee Department of Psychology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. 0000-0002-9970-4854 Karim Afshariniya Department of Psychology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. 0000-0001-7748-3459 Journal Article 2021 11 28 Background and Aims Psychological damage caused by disability is associated with personal, social, and occupational challenges of disabled people, and these people face various negative consequences. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the cognitive emotion regulation of people with physical and motor disabilities. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest/posttest design. Participants were 30 people with physical and motor disabilities (15 in the intervention group and 15 in the control group) who were selected using a purposive sampling method and random allocation. The intervention group received ACT. The data collection tool was Garnevsky's cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software. Results The results of the analysis of covariance showed that the mean post-test CERQ scores of the intervention group were significantly lower compared to the control group, indicating the effectiveness of the ACT in improving the cognitive emotion regulation. Conclusion The ACT is effective in improving the cognitive emotion regulation of people with physical and motor disabilities. Further studies are recommended in other age, gender, and disease groups. Background and Aims Psychological damage caused by disability is associated with personal, social, and occupational challenges of disabled people, and these people face various negative consequences. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the cognitive emotion regulation of people with physical and motor disabilities. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest/posttest design. Participants were 30 people with physical and motor disabilities (15 in the intervention group and 15 in the control group) who were selected using a purposive sampling method and random allocation. The intervention group received ACT. The data collection tool was Garnevsky's cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software. Results The results of the analysis of covariance showed that the mean post-test CERQ scores of the intervention group were significantly lower compared to the control group, indicating the effectiveness of the ACT in improving the cognitive emotion regulation. Conclusion The ACT is effective in improving the cognitive emotion regulation of people with physical and motor disabilities. Further studies are recommended in other age, gender, and disease groups.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1101617_3d1eec0e411227ea2b7a04f1332f9922.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 13 1 2024 03 20 The Effectiveness of Teaching Self-regulatory Strategies on Attention Deficit, Social Adjustment, and Self-efficacy in Children With Attention -Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder The Effectiveness of Teaching Self-regulatory Strategies on Attention Deficit, Social Adjustment, and Self-efficacy in Children With Attention -Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 106 119 1101630 10.32598/SJRM.13.1.7 FA Alieh Shahi Department of General Psychology, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. 0000-0001-6818-5484 Mohsen Amiri Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. Loghman Ebrahimi Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. 0000-0002-9546-2624 Journal Article 2022 02 01 Background and Aims One of the common childhood disorders is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, which can be caused by a lack of self-regulation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching self-regulatory strategies on elementary students’ attention deficit, social adjustment, and self-efficacy in Tehran City, Iran. Methods This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. In this research, 100 students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were selected by cluster sampling from 9-11 years old male elementary schools of District 16, Tehran City, Iran, in the 2018-2019 academic year. They were studied using the Conners questionnaire, attention-deficit questionnaire, general self-efficacy questionnaire, social adjustment questionnaire, and Russell Barkley’s 8-session educational protocol. Results he study’s results demonstrated the effect of self-regulatory strategic teaching on the reduction of attention deficit, increase in social adjustment, and self-efficacy of students in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Cognitive skills and instructional programs in early life play an essential role in children’s learning and self-regulation improvement. Furthermore, they can reduce the occurrence rate of long-term behavioral problems. Background and Aims One of the common childhood disorders is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, which can be caused by a lack of self-regulation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching self-regulatory strategies on elementary students’ attention deficit, social adjustment, and self-efficacy in Tehran City, Iran. Methods This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. In this research, 100 students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were selected by cluster sampling from 9-11 years old male elementary schools of District 16, Tehran City, Iran, in the 2018-2019 academic year. They were studied using the Conners questionnaire, attention-deficit questionnaire, general self-efficacy questionnaire, social adjustment questionnaire, and Russell Barkley’s 8-session educational protocol. Results he study’s results demonstrated the effect of self-regulatory strategic teaching on the reduction of attention deficit, increase in social adjustment, and self-efficacy of students in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Cognitive skills and instructional programs in early life play an essential role in children’s learning and self-regulation improvement. Furthermore, they can reduce the occurrence rate of long-term behavioral problems.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1101630_1a747b14f49e94f5bd6d0fb9c2c1cc37.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 13 1 2024 03 20 A Comparative Study of Spoken Language Components of Students With Dyslexia and Normal Peers in the First and Second Grades of Primary School A Comparative Study of Spoken Language Components of Students With Dyslexia and Normal Peers in the First and Second Grades of Primary School 120 131 1101671 10.32598/SJRM.13.1.8 FA Fereshteh Sobhani Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0008-1285-0095 Saeid Hassanzadeh Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-9986-0120 Tayyebeh Rezaei Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-3831-887x Journal Article 2021 08 05 Background and Aims The present study was conducted to investigate the change in the receptive language, intermediate language, expressive language, semantics, syntax, and phonology of dyslexic students and compare them with the norm group. Methods The statistical sample of the present study comprised 28 dyslexic students studying in the first and second grades of primary school and 29 normal students from the same grades. They were selected non-randomly based on the inclusion criteria. The third edition of the Persian version of the test of language development (TOLD-P3) was used to measure the components of receptive language, intermediate language, and expressive language. Tehran Stanford-Binet intelligence test (TSB-5) and reading and dyslexia test (NAMA) were used to diagnose dyslexia. Multivariate analysis of variance was used for data analysis. Results The findings indicate a significant difference in the evolution of the components of receptive language, intermediate language, expressive language, semantics, syntax, and phonology between dyslexic and normative students. Conclusion According to the results, dyslexic students are weaker in all components of spoken language than their non-dyslexic peers. Considering the dyslexic students’ problem in reading, they are profoundly different from their normal peers in lower levels of language, including spoken language. Thus, the growth and development of language skills must be considered in reading learning disability besides other rehabilitation skills. Background and Aims The present study was conducted to investigate the change in the receptive language, intermediate language, expressive language, semantics, syntax, and phonology of dyslexic students and compare them with the norm group. Methods The statistical sample of the present study comprised 28 dyslexic students studying in the first and second grades of primary school and 29 normal students from the same grades. They were selected non-randomly based on the inclusion criteria. The third edition of the Persian version of the test of language development (TOLD-P3) was used to measure the components of receptive language, intermediate language, and expressive language. Tehran Stanford-Binet intelligence test (TSB-5) and reading and dyslexia test (NAMA) were used to diagnose dyslexia. Multivariate analysis of variance was used for data analysis. Results The findings indicate a significant difference in the evolution of the components of receptive language, intermediate language, expressive language, semantics, syntax, and phonology between dyslexic and normative students. Conclusion According to the results, dyslexic students are weaker in all components of spoken language than their non-dyslexic peers. Considering the dyslexic students’ problem in reading, they are profoundly different from their normal peers in lower levels of language, including spoken language. Thus, the growth and development of language skills must be considered in reading learning disability besides other rehabilitation skills.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1101671_16277d4676f7a69ac6967e904bbd4f07.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 13 1 2024 03 20 Comparing Selected Parameters of Plantar Foot Pressure Distribution in Healthy Versus Genu Valgum Students During Walking on a Slope Comparing Selected Parameters of Plantar Foot Pressure Distribution in Healthy Versus Genu Valgum Students During Walking on a Slope 132 147 1101677 10.32598/SJRM.13.1.9 FA Haniyeh Zehtab Asghari Department of Sport Biomechanics, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-8571-195X Amirali Jafarnezhadgero Department of Sport Managements and Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. 0000-0002-2739-4340 Mohammad Ali Azarbaijany Department of Sport Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-3502-7487 Journal Article 2022 03 06 Background and Aims Moving on steep surfaces is a demanding task in daily life, especially during walking. It poses challenges for the human locomotor system, especially for those with neuromuscular injuries or disease. Therefore, this study aimed to compare plantar pressure variables in healthy versus genu valgum students during walking on a sloped surface. Methods This applied study was quasi-experimental and causal-comparative. The samples comprised 15 girls with genu valgum knees (between medial malleolus distance of 3.90±0.44 cm) and 15 with healthy knees (between medial malleolus distance of 0.73±0.29 cm). Plantar pressure variables were evaluated in 10 areas of the foot on the sloping surfaces at 0%, ±8%, ±10%, and ±20% in the stance phase of walking. A 2-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. The significant level was set at 0.05. Results Maximum pressure was only significant in the areas of the tarsal 1, metatarsal 2-4, and lateral rearfoot on the slopes of +8, -15, and -20 between the genu valgum and the healthy groups. The pressure was higher in the genu valgum group. Changes in the center of foot pressure on the positive and negative slopes of 8 and 15 in the genu valgum group compared to the healthy in the mediolateral direction significantly trended toward negative values. Conclusion The study results showed that changes in the center of pressure increase the amount of foot supination by increasing the slope and decrease the amount of ankle pronation by increasing the negative slope. Therefore, slopes of -20, -15, and -8 can be suggested to improve the distribution pattern of plantar pressure in adolescent girls with genu valgum knee. However, further study in this area is warranted. Background and Aims Moving on steep surfaces is a demanding task in daily life, especially during walking. It poses challenges for the human locomotor system, especially for those with neuromuscular injuries or disease. Therefore, this study aimed to compare plantar pressure variables in healthy versus genu valgum students during walking on a sloped surface. Methods This applied study was quasi-experimental and causal-comparative. The samples comprised 15 girls with genu valgum knees (between medial malleolus distance of 3.90±0.44 cm) and 15 with healthy knees (between medial malleolus distance of 0.73±0.29 cm). Plantar pressure variables were evaluated in 10 areas of the foot on the sloping surfaces at 0%, ±8%, ±10%, and ±20% in the stance phase of walking. A 2-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. The significant level was set at 0.05. Results Maximum pressure was only significant in the areas of the tarsal 1, metatarsal 2-4, and lateral rearfoot on the slopes of +8, -15, and -20 between the genu valgum and the healthy groups. The pressure was higher in the genu valgum group. Changes in the center of foot pressure on the positive and negative slopes of 8 and 15 in the genu valgum group compared to the healthy in the mediolateral direction significantly trended toward negative values. Conclusion The study results showed that changes in the center of pressure increase the amount of foot supination by increasing the slope and decrease the amount of ankle pronation by increasing the negative slope. Therefore, slopes of -20, -15, and -8 can be suggested to improve the distribution pattern of plantar pressure in adolescent girls with genu valgum knee. However, further study in this area is warranted.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1101677_ce2344e92442465f14dbc10805693ad3.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 13 1 2024 03 20 The Effect of Fatigue on the Time to Stability in Head Movement in Soccer Players With a History of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction The Effect of Fatigue on the Time to Stability in Head Movement in Soccer Players With a History of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction 148 161 1101678 10.32598/SJRM.13.1.10 FA Moosareza Ghorbani Department of Sport Injury and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. 0000-0003-4520-0826 Roghayeh Jalil Piran Department of Sports Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-0376-5538 Farideh Babakhani Department of Sports Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-1035-5011 Journal Article 2021 09 26 Background and Aims Delay in achieving stability is one of the factors that can cause injury and re-injury in athletes. Because many injuries occur during fatigue, the present study aimed to compare the effect of fatigue on the time to stability in the head movement of players who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with healthy players. Methods The present study is quasi-experimental. Twenty-four professional soccer players participated in the study. Twelve healthy, active professional soccer players (control group) and 12 soccer players with reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament by hamstring graft (experimental group) participated in this study. Also, 6 to 24 months should have passed since their ligament reconstruction. After jumping and crossing an obstacle to a height of 7.5 cm, the participants performed the task of heading and landing on the force plate. These movements were repeated after the fatigue protocol. Information was collected by the force plate (Kistler Instruments Sweden). Multivariate analysis of variance at the significant level of P <0.05 was used for comparison between groups. Results According to the findings, fatigue affected the time to stability in the internal-external direction (P <0.05). However, no difference was observed between the two groups in the internal-external direction before fatigue. Also, no significant difference was observed between the two groups when achieving stability before and after fatigue in the anterior-posterior and vertical directions. Conclusion It seems that a plyometric fatigue training session cannot differentiate between healthy soccer players in the anterior-posterior and vertical directions from players who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. However, this difference was observed in the internal-external direction after fatigue. Background and Aims Delay in achieving stability is one of the factors that can cause injury and re-injury in athletes. Because many injuries occur during fatigue, the present study aimed to compare the effect of fatigue on the time to stability in the head movement of players who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with healthy players. Methods The present study is quasi-experimental. Twenty-four professional soccer players participated in the study. Twelve healthy, active professional soccer players (control group) and 12 soccer players with reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament by hamstring graft (experimental group) participated in this study. Also, 6 to 24 months should have passed since their ligament reconstruction. After jumping and crossing an obstacle to a height of 7.5 cm, the participants performed the task of heading and landing on the force plate. These movements were repeated after the fatigue protocol. Information was collected by the force plate (Kistler Instruments Sweden). Multivariate analysis of variance at the significant level of P <0.05 was used for comparison between groups. Results According to the findings, fatigue affected the time to stability in the internal-external direction (P <0.05). However, no difference was observed between the two groups in the internal-external direction before fatigue. Also, no significant difference was observed between the two groups when achieving stability before and after fatigue in the anterior-posterior and vertical directions. Conclusion It seems that a plyometric fatigue training session cannot differentiate between healthy soccer players in the anterior-posterior and vertical directions from players who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. However, this difference was observed in the internal-external direction after fatigue.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1101678_de90fdf62e51782026af479fc7e5873f.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 13 1 2024 03 20 The Effect of Postural Restoration Institute Training on Selected Kinematic Variables of Lower Limbs and Pelvis During Walking in Middle-Aged Men With Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Prospective Observational Study The Effect of Postural Restoration Institute Training on Selected Kinematic Variables of Lower Limbs and Pelvis During Walking in Middle-Aged Men With Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Prospective Observational Study 162 179 1101683 10.32598/SJRM.13.1.11 FA Ali Salimi Department of Sports Biomechanics and Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-8515-3799 Heydar Sadeghi Department of Sports Biomechanics and Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-6563-9882 Raghad Memar Department of Sports Biomechanics and Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-0558-6421 Ebrahim Sadeghi-demneh Department of Orthosis and Prosthetics, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 0000-0003-0590-8512 Journal Article 2022 03 20 Background and Aims Concerning the effectiveness of training on people with chronic low back pain, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of postural restoration institute (PRI) training on lower limb kinematics during walking in middle-aged subjects with discogenic low back pain. Methods In this prospective observational quasi-experimental study, 42 people participated in three groups: people without low back pain (healthy group, n=14) and people with low back pain in two groups (intervention group, n=14; and control group, n=14). Kinematic data were recorded by 7 Qualisys cameras with a frequency of 100 Hz in the pretest and post-test. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used in SPSS software version 23 at a significance level 0.05. Results The results showed that people with low back pain in the intervention and control groups walk with a slower velocity, lower cadence, and shorter step length than healthy individuals for both right and left limbs. However, after the PRI training, the intervention group showed a significant increase in those three variables. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the healthy group and the two groups of intervention and control in the range of motion (ROM) for the pelvis in the sagittal and frontal planes, the right hip joint in the horizontal plane, the right ankle in the frontal plane, the left hip joint in the sagittal and horizontal planes as well as the left ankle in the sagittal plane. After applying PRI, the differences between the healthy and the intervention groups regarding the pelvis ROM on the sagittal plane, the right ankle ROM on the sagittal plane, the left hip joint ROM on the frontal plane, and the left knee ROM on the sagittal plane were minimized and became insignificant. Conclusion The present study’s findings confirmed the effectiveness of using PRI training in improving biomechanical indicators, such as the range of joint movements and increasing the velocity and step length of walking, to treat and manage the performance of people with discogenic chronic low back pain. Background and Aims Concerning the effectiveness of training on people with chronic low back pain, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of postural restoration institute (PRI) training on lower limb kinematics during walking in middle-aged subjects with discogenic low back pain. Methods In this prospective observational quasi-experimental study, 42 people participated in three groups: people without low back pain (healthy group, n=14) and people with low back pain in two groups (intervention group, n=14; and control group, n=14). Kinematic data were recorded by 7 Qualisys cameras with a frequency of 100 Hz in the pretest and post-test. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used in SPSS software version 23 at a significance level 0.05. Results The results showed that people with low back pain in the intervention and control groups walk with a slower velocity, lower cadence, and shorter step length than healthy individuals for both right and left limbs. However, after the PRI training, the intervention group showed a significant increase in those three variables. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the healthy group and the two groups of intervention and control in the range of motion (ROM) for the pelvis in the sagittal and frontal planes, the right hip joint in the horizontal plane, the right ankle in the frontal plane, the left hip joint in the sagittal and horizontal planes as well as the left ankle in the sagittal plane. After applying PRI, the differences between the healthy and the intervention groups regarding the pelvis ROM on the sagittal plane, the right ankle ROM on the sagittal plane, the left hip joint ROM on the frontal plane, and the left knee ROM on the sagittal plane were minimized and became insignificant. Conclusion The present study’s findings confirmed the effectiveness of using PRI training in improving biomechanical indicators, such as the range of joint movements and increasing the velocity and step length of walking, to treat and manage the performance of people with discogenic chronic low back pain.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1101683_a1c7f4ab7776c850d4826fe98c73e59c.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 13 1 2024 03 20 Effect of Adding Neurofeedback to Neuromuscular Training on Brain Waves in Athletes With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Clinical Trial Effect of Adding Neurofeedback to Neuromuscular Training on Brain Waves in Athletes With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Clinical Trial 180 193 1101684 10.32598/SJRM.13.1.12 FA Ali Yalfani Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. 0000-0003-3696-7208 Masoud Azizian Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. 0000-0002-9027-6742 Hosein Mohagheghi Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran. 0000-0002-4232-2273 Mohammad Reza Zoghi Paidar Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran. 0000-0002-9748-6363 Behnam Gholami-Borujeni Department of Sport Biomechanics and Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran. 0000-0002-7404-1556 Journal Article 2022 04 15 Background and Aims This study evaluated the effects of neuromuscular training compared with neurofeedback and neuromuscular training on brain waves, foot and ankle ability, and pain intensity of table tennis players with chronic ankle instability. Methods This clinical trial study was conducted on 29 table tennis players with chronic ankle instability, which were randomly divided into combined neurofeedback+neuromuscular (Mean±SD age: 21.73±2.60 years, hieght: 173.42±5.57 cm, wieght: 77.10±10.42 kg) and neuromuscular groups (Mean±SD age: 22.14±2.53 years, Mean±SD height: 169.26±6.77 cm, Mean±SD weight:77.95±15.70 kg). ProComp Infiniti System and BioGraph Infiniti version 5 software were used to measure brain waves and perform neurofeedback protocol. The foot and ankle disability questionnaire and the visual analog scale were employed to assess foot and ankle ability and pain intensity, respectively. The rehabilitation protocol was performed for eight weeks. The paired t test and 1-way analysis of covariance were used for the data analyses. Results The paired t test results revealed a significant decrease in the amplitude of theta, alpha, and sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) waves in both groups (P<0.05) and an increase in the amplitude of the beta wave only in the combined group (P<0.05). In addition, ankle ability was significantly increased during daily activities and exercise in both groups (P<0.05). On the other hand, the results of a 1-way analysis of covariance indicated a significant difference between the two groups regarding theta and beta amplitudes and degree of ankle disability during exercise, and the improvement was greater in the combined group (P<0.05). Conclusion According to the results, combined exercises (neuromuscular and neurofeedback) can be used as rehabilitation in table tennis players with chronic ankle instability to correct brain waves, improve leg and ankle ability, and reduce pain. Background and Aims This study evaluated the effects of neuromuscular training compared with neurofeedback and neuromuscular training on brain waves, foot and ankle ability, and pain intensity of table tennis players with chronic ankle instability. Methods This clinical trial study was conducted on 29 table tennis players with chronic ankle instability, which were randomly divided into combined neurofeedback+neuromuscular (Mean±SD age: 21.73±2.60 years, hieght: 173.42±5.57 cm, wieght: 77.10±10.42 kg) and neuromuscular groups (Mean±SD age: 22.14±2.53 years, Mean±SD height: 169.26±6.77 cm, Mean±SD weight:77.95±15.70 kg). ProComp Infiniti System and BioGraph Infiniti version 5 software were used to measure brain waves and perform neurofeedback protocol. The foot and ankle disability questionnaire and the visual analog scale were employed to assess foot and ankle ability and pain intensity, respectively. The rehabilitation protocol was performed for eight weeks. The paired t test and 1-way analysis of covariance were used for the data analyses. Results The paired t test results revealed a significant decrease in the amplitude of theta, alpha, and sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) waves in both groups (P<0.05) and an increase in the amplitude of the beta wave only in the combined group (P<0.05). In addition, ankle ability was significantly increased during daily activities and exercise in both groups (P<0.05). On the other hand, the results of a 1-way analysis of covariance indicated a significant difference between the two groups regarding theta and beta amplitudes and degree of ankle disability during exercise, and the improvement was greater in the combined group (P<0.05). Conclusion According to the results, combined exercises (neuromuscular and neurofeedback) can be used as rehabilitation in table tennis players with chronic ankle instability to correct brain waves, improve leg and ankle ability, and reduce pain.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1101684_df5450429bc46439c8f37299e3039af4.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 13 1 2024 03 20 The Effect of Pyramid and Reverse Pyramid Loadings on Spine and Pelvis Coordination Variability During Squat The Effect of Pyramid and Reverse Pyramid Loadings on Spine and Pelvis Coordination Variability During Squat 194 207 1101686 10.32598/SJRM.13.1.13 FA Mostafa Sajedi Nia Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-9459-3123 Ali Abbasi Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-9733-6501 Mehdi Khaleghi Tazji Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-3043-3961 Hamed Fadaie Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-7408-4417 Journal Article 2022 04 22 Background and Aims Pyramid and reverse pyramid loading patterns are used to increase the training load in resistance training. Although physiological studies have attempted to compare the two patterns, the difference between the two loading patterns on the biomechanics of the spine and pelvis has not been determined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pyramid and inverted pyramid loadings on spinal and pelvic coordination variability in squat movement. Methods Twelve bodybuilding athletes in Tehran City, Iran, voluntarily participated in this study. The subjects performed squat movements as the pyramid and reverse pyramid at intensities of 50%, 70%, and 90% of ten maximum repetitions. Then, the kinematic information of the three segments of their spine and pelvis was recorded. Coordination and variability coordination were calculated using a modified vector coding method. Results The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant difference in the coordination pattern for pelvic-lower back coordination, lower-back to lower-trunk spine, and lower-trunk-to-upper-trunk spine in the intensity of 50%. A significant difference was observed in the coordination pattern, with an intensity of 70% for the lower back and lower trunk spine. Also, no statistical significance was observed between the pyramidal and inverted pyramidal loading types for spine and pelvis coordination. Conclusion According to the results of increasing the load in pyramid loading and decreasing the load in reverse loading, the coordination of distal couplings affected the sagittal plane more than the proximal one. It is recommended to use the reverse pyramid method for exercises and be more careful when performing pyramid exercises. Background and Aims Pyramid and reverse pyramid loading patterns are used to increase the training load in resistance training. Although physiological studies have attempted to compare the two patterns, the difference between the two loading patterns on the biomechanics of the spine and pelvis has not been determined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pyramid and inverted pyramid loadings on spinal and pelvic coordination variability in squat movement. Methods Twelve bodybuilding athletes in Tehran City, Iran, voluntarily participated in this study. The subjects performed squat movements as the pyramid and reverse pyramid at intensities of 50%, 70%, and 90% of ten maximum repetitions. Then, the kinematic information of the three segments of their spine and pelvis was recorded. Coordination and variability coordination were calculated using a modified vector coding method. Results The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant difference in the coordination pattern for pelvic-lower back coordination, lower-back to lower-trunk spine, and lower-trunk-to-upper-trunk spine in the intensity of 50%. A significant difference was observed in the coordination pattern, with an intensity of 70% for the lower back and lower trunk spine. Also, no statistical significance was observed between the pyramidal and inverted pyramidal loading types for spine and pelvis coordination. Conclusion According to the results of increasing the load in pyramid loading and decreasing the load in reverse loading, the coordination of distal couplings affected the sagittal plane more than the proximal one. It is recommended to use the reverse pyramid method for exercises and be more careful when performing pyramid exercises.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1101686_9485b254e7cbc4e361dc4be70fb60dac.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 13 1 2024 03 20 Evaluation of the Kinesio Taping and Real-Time External Feedback Effects on Lower Extremity Function During Single-Leg Squat in Individuals With Tibiofemoral Varus Alignment Evaluation of the Kinesio Taping and Real-Time External Feedback Effects on Lower Extremity Function During Single-Leg Squat in Individuals With Tibiofemoral Varus Alignment 208 223 1101505 10.32598/SJRM.13.1.15 FA Mohamadreza Hatefi Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0005-4808-8472 Malihe Hadadnezhad Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-5826-1524 Sadredin Shojaedin Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-0272-6748 Farideh Babakhani Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Allameh Tabataba’I University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-1035-5011 Mehdi Khaleghi Tazji Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-3043-3961 Journal Article 2021 09 29 Background and Aims People with postural malalignment such as tibiofemoral varus (TFRV) may experience movement patterns dysfunction during functional activities that are related to non-contact lower extremity injuries. Training protocols should be designed for these people to control and improve their functional dysfunctions. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of posterior X-taping (PXT) and real-time external feedback (RTF) on kinematic and electromyographic indices of the lower extremities during the single-leg squat task in individuals with TFRV. Methods Electromyographic and kinematic information of the lower extremities of 24 recreational athletes with TFRV (PXT=12, RTF=12) were recorded while participants in both groups performed single-leg squat 5 times consecutively and took a 2-minute rest between two different conditions (before and after the intervention). To analyze the data, 2-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used at the significant level of P≤0.05. Results The present study results indicated an increase in gluteus medius muscle activity (P=0.013) in the eccentric phase and a decrease in hip adduction (P=0.001) in maximal knee flexion (P=0.034) after the intervention compared to before the intervention in the RTF group. Also, there was a reduction in external tibiofemoral rotation of the knee after the intervention compared to before intervention in maximal knee flexion (P=0.034), eccentric phase (P=0.001), and concentric phase (P=0.001) in the PXT group. In addition, there was a decreased ankle pronation after the intervention compared to before the intervention in the eccentric phase (P=0.001) and concentric (P=0.001) in the PXT group and in the eccentric phase (P=0.004) in the RTF group. Besides, there was an increased ankle abduction after the intervention compared to before the intervention in the concentric phase (P=0.001), eccentric phase (P=0.001), and maximum knee flexion (P=0.004) in the PXT group, and in the eccentric phase in the RTF group (P=0.006). Finally, there was a decrease in ankle flexion dorsiflexion at maximum knee flexion after the intervention compared to before the intervention (P=0.017) in the RTF group. Conclusion The results of the present study showed that PXT and RTF interventions can affect the kinematic parameters of individuals with TFRV malalignment in different ways and can be used to correct immediately postural defects during the single-leg squat task. Background and Aims People with postural malalignment such as tibiofemoral varus (TFRV) may experience movement patterns dysfunction during functional activities that are related to non-contact lower extremity injuries. Training protocols should be designed for these people to control and improve their functional dysfunctions. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of posterior X-taping (PXT) and real-time external feedback (RTF) on kinematic and electromyographic indices of the lower extremities during the single-leg squat task in individuals with TFRV. Methods Electromyographic and kinematic information of the lower extremities of 24 recreational athletes with TFRV (PXT=12, RTF=12) were recorded while participants in both groups performed single-leg squat 5 times consecutively and took a 2-minute rest between two different conditions (before and after the intervention). To analyze the data, 2-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used at the significant level of P≤0.05. Results The present study results indicated an increase in gluteus medius muscle activity (P=0.013) in the eccentric phase and a decrease in hip adduction (P=0.001) in maximal knee flexion (P=0.034) after the intervention compared to before the intervention in the RTF group. Also, there was a reduction in external tibiofemoral rotation of the knee after the intervention compared to before intervention in maximal knee flexion (P=0.034), eccentric phase (P=0.001), and concentric phase (P=0.001) in the PXT group. In addition, there was a decreased ankle pronation after the intervention compared to before the intervention in the eccentric phase (P=0.001) and concentric (P=0.001) in the PXT group and in the eccentric phase (P=0.004) in the RTF group. Besides, there was an increased ankle abduction after the intervention compared to before the intervention in the concentric phase (P=0.001), eccentric phase (P=0.001), and maximum knee flexion (P=0.004) in the PXT group, and in the eccentric phase in the RTF group (P=0.006). Finally, there was a decrease in ankle flexion dorsiflexion at maximum knee flexion after the intervention compared to before the intervention (P=0.017) in the RTF group. Conclusion The results of the present study showed that PXT and RTF interventions can affect the kinematic parameters of individuals with TFRV malalignment in different ways and can be used to correct immediately postural defects during the single-leg squat task.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1101505_d8afe43297bb3a92919da33e5e8862e5.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 13 1 2024 03 20 The Effect of 8 Weeks of Exergame Training on Motor Proficiency of Children and Adolescents With Typical Development and Those With Developmental Coordination Disorder The Effect of 8 Weeks of Exergame Training on Motor Proficiency of Children and Adolescents With Typical Development and Those With Developmental Coordination Disorder 224 241 1101625 10.32598/SJRM.13.1.3 FA Abbas Bahram Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education, Kharazmi Univercity, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-3430-4777 Hanieh Alizade Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education, Kharazmi Univercity, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-6600-4598 Farhad Ghadiri Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education, Kharazmi Univercity, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-1884-4899 Mehdi Gheitasi Department of Health & Sport Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Science & Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-1582-0859 Journal Article 2022 01 26 Background and Aims Considering the motor and cognitive problems that arise following developmental coordination disorder (DCD), discovering new methods to deal with and reduce the adverse effects of this disorder is of particular importance. These people must promptly and effectively benefit from therapeutic and preventive interventions to improve their motor proficiency. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of exergame training on the motor proficiency of children and adolescents with typical development and those with developmental coordination disorders. Methods This quasi-experimental research employed a pretest-posttest and between-group approach. To conduct this research, 40 female students with an average age of 11.29-14.24 years were grouped into 4: healthy (10-12 years), healthy (13-15 years), DCD (10-12 years), and DCD (13-15 years). Students with suspected developmental coordination disorder were identified by their parents by completing the developmental coordination disorder questionnaire (DCD-Q-2). They were selected as the research sample of the DCD group using the MABC-2 test. Then, all subjects participated in the MABC-2 test in the pretest stage. Afterward, all groups played with the Nintendo console (4 games out of 12 games) for 8 weeks (24 Sessions), and each session lasted 20 minutes. After the intervention, all groups participated in the posttest phase, similar to the pretest. After confirming the normality of data distribution through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, we examined the research hypotheses and analyzed the data using the paired t test, combined multivariate analysis of variance, and Bonferroni post hoc test at a significance level of P≤0.05. Results The paired t test results showed a significant difference in the subscales of balance, aiming and receiving, manual skill, and motor proficiency between the two age groups of 10-12 and 13-15 years in DCD subjects; however, no significant difference was observed in the posttest scores of 10-12 and 13-15 years old healthy students. Also, the independent t test results showed a significant difference between the scores of motor proficiency in the posttest of healthy and DCD individuals, and the mean scores of the healthy individuals were higher than those of DCD students. The combined multivariate analysis of variance supported only the significant effect of group (healthy and DCD) on MABC-2 subscales, and the impacts of age and age*group were not significant. Conclusion The results of the present study show that exergame exercises significantly improve motor proficiency in DCD individuals; however, these interventions could not compensate for the developmental delay of these children compared to typically developed children. These results may be related to the duration of the interventions and the age range at the start of the interventions. These differences may disappear if appropriate interventions are presented at a younger age and for a long time. Background and Aims Considering the motor and cognitive problems that arise following developmental coordination disorder (DCD), discovering new methods to deal with and reduce the adverse effects of this disorder is of particular importance. These people must promptly and effectively benefit from therapeutic and preventive interventions to improve their motor proficiency. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of exergame training on the motor proficiency of children and adolescents with typical development and those with developmental coordination disorders. Methods This quasi-experimental research employed a pretest-posttest and between-group approach. To conduct this research, 40 female students with an average age of 11.29-14.24 years were grouped into 4: healthy (10-12 years), healthy (13-15 years), DCD (10-12 years), and DCD (13-15 years). Students with suspected developmental coordination disorder were identified by their parents by completing the developmental coordination disorder questionnaire (DCD-Q-2). They were selected as the research sample of the DCD group using the MABC-2 test. Then, all subjects participated in the MABC-2 test in the pretest stage. Afterward, all groups played with the Nintendo console (4 games out of 12 games) for 8 weeks (24 Sessions), and each session lasted 20 minutes. After the intervention, all groups participated in the posttest phase, similar to the pretest. After confirming the normality of data distribution through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, we examined the research hypotheses and analyzed the data using the paired t test, combined multivariate analysis of variance, and Bonferroni post hoc test at a significance level of P≤0.05. Results The paired t test results showed a significant difference in the subscales of balance, aiming and receiving, manual skill, and motor proficiency between the two age groups of 10-12 and 13-15 years in DCD subjects; however, no significant difference was observed in the posttest scores of 10-12 and 13-15 years old healthy students. Also, the independent t test results showed a significant difference between the scores of motor proficiency in the posttest of healthy and DCD individuals, and the mean scores of the healthy individuals were higher than those of DCD students. The combined multivariate analysis of variance supported only the significant effect of group (healthy and DCD) on MABC-2 subscales, and the impacts of age and age*group were not significant. Conclusion The results of the present study show that exergame exercises significantly improve motor proficiency in DCD individuals; however, these interventions could not compensate for the developmental delay of these children compared to typically developed children. These results may be related to the duration of the interventions and the age range at the start of the interventions. These differences may disappear if appropriate interventions are presented at a younger age and for a long time.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1101625_676c09a2ebf190292acce39885ef82a3.pdf