ماساژ درمانی در طب سنتی ایران

جلادت, امیرمحمد; نیمروزی, مجید; کریمی, مهرداد; هاشمی, مامک; فلاح, مهدی; عطارزاده, فاطمه

doi:10.22037/jrm.2012.1100085

ماساژ درمانی در طب سنتی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

¹ 1. دستیار طب سنتی ایران، مرکز تحقیقات طب سنتی و تاریخ طب، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز

² 2. دستیار طب سنتی ایران، دانشکده طب سنتی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران

³ 3. دستیار طب سنتی ایران، دانشکده طب سنتی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی

10.22037/jrm.2012.1100085

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
آموزش ماساژ و نحوه تأثیرپذیری بدن از حرکت به صورت جدی در طب سنتی ایران مطرح بوده است و پزشکان ایرانی حرکت و ماساژ را یکی از اصول حفظ تندرستی ذکر کرده اند.
در این مطالعه سعی شده که با بررسی منابع مکتوب در بخش کلیات، جایگاه، هدف و کاربرد ماساژ درمانی در پزشکی ایرانی بررسی شود و تفاوت اصلی این ماساژ با دیگر سبک‌های ماساژ مشخص شود.
در ماساژ ایرانی هدف تنظیم حرارت پایه بدن و کمک به دفع مواد زائد از بدن است. این ماساژ بر اساس شدت، سرعت، مدت و نحوه اجرا به پنج دسته صلب، نرم، معتدل، کثیر و خشن تقسیم می شود.
پزشکان ایرانی بر اساس نیاز و شکایت مشتری، ماساژ را به صورت عام یا متمرکز بر عضوی خاص و با توجه به گروه‌های خاص یعنی کودکان، زنان باردار، افراد مسن و ورزشکاران توصیه می کنند. در مواردی نیز اثرات این توصیه ها در کارآزمایی های بالینی مطالعه شده است.
به نظر می رسد که عمده تفاوت ماساژ ایرانی با دیگر سبک های ماساژ نه در نحوه اجرا بلکه در توجه ویژه به شرایط خاص هر فرد و سبب اختلال پیش آمده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Massage Therapy in Iranian Traditional Medicine

نویسندگان [English]

Amir-Mohammad Jaladat ¹
Majid Nimrouzi ¹
Mehrdad Karimi ²
Mamak Hashemi ²
Mehdi Falah ³
Fatemeh Attarzadeh ¹

¹ 1. PhD student in Traditional Medicine, Research Center for traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

² 2. PhD student in Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

³ 3. PhD student in Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Background and Aim: Massage training and how the body is influenced by massage are common issues which are seriously under study and discussion in Iranian traditional medicine. Iranian physicians considered motion and massage as major principles of health maintenance.
In this study, we examined the available literature of traditional medicine to evaluate location, purpose and use of massage therapy in Iranian medicine in comparison with other popular conventional styles.
The aim of Iranian massage is to regulate the core body temperature and aid to eliminate the waste products from the body. This type of massage is divided into five categories including solid, soft, moderate, great and aggressive, based on the intensity, speed, duration and techniques of massage.
Iranian physicians proposed general body massage or massage of a particular area based on subjective complaints. They recommended specific massages in particular groups including children, pregnant women, the elderly and athletes. In some cases, the effects of these recommendations have been studied in clinical trials.
Conclusion: It seems that the major difference between Iranian massage and other styles of massage is special attention of Iranian massage to the individual circumstances, and the cause of the problem rather than technique of the massage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Massage
Iranian traditional medicine
Dalk and Ghamz

مراجع

Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL, Appel S, Wilkey S, Van Rompay M, et al. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association. 1998;280(18):1569-75.
Tindle HA, Davis RB, Phillips RS, Eisenberg DM. Trends in use of complementary and alternative medicine by US adults: 1997-2002. Alternative therapies in health and medicine. 2005;11(1):42.
Barnes PM, Bloom B, Nahin RL, . NCfHS. Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States, 2007. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics; 2008.
Wilkinson S, Barnes K, Storey L. Massage for symptom relief in patients with cancer: systematic review. Journal of advanced nursing. 2008;63(5):430-9.
Andrade C-K, Clifford P. Outcome-Based Massage From Evidence to Practice. 2nd ed. Philadelphia . Baltimore . New York . London: lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business; 2008,2001.
Fahimi F, Hrgovic I, El-Safadi S, Münstedt K. Complementary and alternative medicine in obstetrics: a survey from Iran. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2011;284(2):361-4. [In persian].
Atashi V, Mohammadi F, Dalvandi A, Abdollahi I, Kazemi R. Effect of Slow Stroke Back Massage (SSBM) on Shoulder Pain and Hand Function in Patients with Stroke. HAYAT. 2012;18(2.( [In persian].
Mirzaee F, Kaviani M, Jafari P. Effect of Reflexology on Anxiety Level in Nuliparous Women. HAYAT. 2010;16(1). [In persian].
Mortazavi SH, Khaki S, Moradi R, Heidari K, Vasegh Rahimparvar SF. Effects of massage therapy and presence of attendant on pain, anxiety and satisfaction during labor. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2012:1-5. [In persian].
dehsaraei m, ahanjan s, mohammad zadeh m. Effectiveness of the massage and physical therapy program on tension type headache in PTSD patients. Iranian Journal of War and Public Health. [Research]. 2012;4(3):44-51. [In persian].
Asadizaker M, Fathizadeh A, Haidari A, Goharpai S, Fayzi S. The effect of foot and hand massage on postoperative cardiac surgery pain. International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery. 2011;3(10):165-9. [In persian].
khodakarami N, Hesabi Nejad M, Akbarzadeh Baghban A, Soleimani F. [Effect of massage on infant growth and development (persian)]. Quarterly Journal of Rehabilitation. [Original]. 2011;11(5):8-14. [In persian].
Nasery M. [Majmueh Asar-e dr. seyed Jalal Mostafavi]. Vol.2. 1st ed. Tehran: Shahr Press Institute; 1387. p. 165-6. [In persian].
Gilani MK. [Hefzosehe-Nasery]. In: Chupani R, editor. Tehran: almaie; 1387 H.S. p. 152-3. [In persian].
Karimkhan IE. [Resaleh Dalakieh]. facsimile edition. Tehran: 1272 H.G. p. 46-55. [In persian].
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary [database on the Internet]. Encyclopedia Britannica Company. [cited 2012/8/14]. Available from: www.merriam-webster.com.
Online Etymological Dictionary [database on the Internet]2001-2012 [cited 2012/08/14]. Available from: http://www.etymonline.com.
Ali Al-Ruhawi Ii. [Adab al-Tabib (Ethics of the Physician)]. Puti M, Alimirzaiee, M. (Persian translator). In: Anushirvani M, editor. 1st ed. Tehran: TIM Publisher; 1390. p. 72-7. [In persian].
Rhazes MZ. [Mansuri Fi Al-Teb (in Arabic)]. zaker, M E. (Persian translator). Tehran: University of Tehran Press; 1387 H.S. p. 251.
Akhawayni Bukhari (11th century). [Hidayat al-Muta’allimin fit-Tib]. In: Matini J, editor. second ed. Mashhad Mashhad University Press; 1344 H.S. p. 171-8. [In persian].
Majusi Ahvazi Ai-iA-i. [Kamil al-Sina 'at al-Tibbiyya. transated into Persian by Gaffari, S.M.K ]. Vol.2. 1st ed. Tehran: The Institute of Islamic Studies of Tehrn-McGill University; 1388 H.S.(2009). p. 42-57. [In persian].
Ibn Sina H. [Qanun dar teb. transated into Persian by Sharafkandi AR]. Vol.1. 6 ed. Tehran: Soroush; 1370 H.S. p. 366-78. [In persian].

Jorjani SEi. [zakhireh kharazmshahi]. facsimile edition. Tehran: Saedy Sirjani, Ali Akbar; 1355 H.S. p. 153-6. [In persian].
Jorjani SEi. [Al - Aghraz al - Tibbia val Mabahess al - Alaiia (Medical Goals and Allaii's Discussions)]. Vol. I. In: Tadjbakhs H, editor. 2nd ed. Tehran: University of Tehran Press; 1388 H.S. p. 218-20. [In persian].
Arzani MA. [Mofareh Al-Gholub]. lahoor: salim lahoor; 1333 H.(1915 A.D). p. 326-33. [In persian].
Aghili Khorasani shirazi MH. [Kholassat Al-Hekmah (The Principal's of Traditional Iranian Medicine)]. In: Nazem E, editor. 1st ed. Qom: Esmaeilian; 1385 H.S. p. 474-81, 853-63. [In persian].
Jaladat AM, Atarzadeh F, Homayouni K. [Ghamz therapy in Persian Medicine and its comparison with Reflexo Zone therapy (persian)]. Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine. 1391:forthcoming. [in persian].
Majusi Ahvazi Ai-iA-i. [Kamil al-Sina 'at al-Tibbiyya]. Vol.1. 1st ed. Tehran: Jalaleddin Press; 1387 H.S. p. 471-9.
Ibn Sina H. [al-Qanun fi'l-tibb (The Law of Medicine)]. In: Qashsh E, Zaiur A, editors. Beirut: ezoddin; 1408 H.G.(1987). p. 211-15.
Ibn-e-Roshd(Averroes). [Al-koliat fe teb (The Principal's of Medicine)]. facsimile edition. In: Talebi A, Sheiban H, editors. Cairo1989. p. 317-24.
Ghaieni Heravi MS. [Gharabadin-e-Salehi]. facsimile edition. Tehran: Khansari; 1284 H.G. p. 286. [In persian].
Jaladat AM, Atarzadeh F, Sadeghpour O. Maturation; an Important Step in Treatment Protocols of Iranian Medicine. Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine. 1390;2(7):6. [In persian].
Aghili Khorasani shirazi MH. [Kholassat Al-Hekmah (The Principal's of Traditional Iranian Medicine)]. In: Nazem E, editor. 1st ed. Qom: Esmaeilian; 1385 H.S. p. 1129. [In persian].
Aghili Khorasani shirazi MH. [Kholassat Al-Hekmah (The Principal's of Traditional Iranian Medicine)]. In: Nazem E, editor. 1st ed. Qom: Esmaeilian; 1385 H.S. p. 877-8. [In persian].
Arzani MA. [Mofareh Al-Gholub]. lahoor: salim lahoor; 1333 H.(1915 A.D). p. 171. [In persian].
Majusi Ahvazi Ai-iA-i. [Kamil al-Sina 'at al-Tibbiyya]. Gaffari, S.M.K (persian tranlator). Vol.2. 1st ed. Tehran: The Institute of Islamic Studies of Tehrn-McGill University; 2009. p. 42-57. [In persian].
Aghili Khorasani shirazi MH. [Kholassat Al-Hekmah (The Principal's of Traditional Iranian Medicine)]. In: Nazem E, editor. 1st ed. Qom: Esmaeilian; 1385 H.S. p. 851. [In persian].
Arzani MA. [Mofareh Al-Gholub]. lahoor: salim lahoor; 1333 H.(1915 A.D). p. 353-416. [In persian].
Aghili Khorasani shirazi MH. [Kholassat Al-Hekmah (The Principal's of Traditional Iranian Medicine)]. In: Nazem E, editor. 1st ed. Qom: Esmaeilian; 1385 H.S. p. 929-1055. [In persian].
Arzani MA. [Mofareh Al-Gholub]. lahoor: salim lahoor; 1333 H.(1915 A.D). p. 416-21. [In persian].
Arzani MA. [Mofareh Al-Gholub]. lahoor: salim lahoor; 1333 H.(1915 A.D). p. 373-4. [In persian].
Arzani MA. [Tibb al-Akbar(Akbar's Medicine)].VOL. 2. 1st ed. Qom: Jalaledin; Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine (RICM); 1387. p. 843. [In persian].
Arzani MA. [Mofareh Al-Gholub (In persian)]. lahoor: salim lahoor; 1333 H.(1915 A.D). p. 420.
Muhaddis Nurie. [Mostadrak al-Wasa'el]. Vol.16. 1st ed. Qom: Alulbayt Foundation; 1408 H.G. p. 266.
Majlesi A. [Baharolanvar]. Vol.59. Beirut: Al-Vafa Institute; 1404. p. 261.
Brault JS, Kappler RE, Grogg BE. Manipulation, Traction, And Massage. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 4th ed: Saunders Philadelphia, Pa; 2000. p. 427 - 47.
Hooper PD, Haldeman S. Mobilization, manipulation, massage and exercise for the relief of musculoskeletal pain. In: Melzack R, Wall PD, editors. Handbook of pain management. 1st ed: Churchill Livingstone; 2003. p. 485 - 501.
Pilevarzadeh M, Salari S, Shafiei N. Effect of massage on reducing pain and anxiety during labour. JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND INFERTILITY. 2002. [In persian].
Bazrafshan MR, Ghorbani Z. The Effect of Slow Stroke Back Massages on Anxiety among Primigravid Women. HAYAT. 2010;1(16). [In persian].
Atarha m, vakilian k, rouzbahani n, bekhradi r. Effect of perineal massage with lavender essence on episiotomy and laceration. Journal of babol university of medical sciences (jbums). 2009. [In persian].
Gazerani N, Nahidi F, Yousefi P, Abadi A. The effect of infant massage in comparison with rocking on the duration and frequency of crying time in patients with infantile colic. Arak University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2012;15(1):95-103. [In persian].
Çetinkaya B, Başbakkal Z. The effectiveness of aromatherapy massage using lavender oil as a treatment for infantile colic. International Journal of Nursing Practice. 2012;18(2):164-9.