اثرات ضدافسردگی تمرینات قدرتی، هوازی و ترکیبی در مردان بزرگسال

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی عمومی، گرگان، ایران

3 گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد علی آباد کتول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، علی آباد کتول، ایران

4 کارشناس ارشد رفتار حرکتی، استان چهارمحال بختیاری، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
افسردگی یکی از شایع­ترین اختلالات روان­شناختی در دنیا است که شیوع آن در ایران 6/13 درصد در جمعیت 14 تا 64 سال می­باشد. اثربخشی استفاده از داروهای ضدافسردگی به عنوان روش اولیه درمان مورد سوال بوده و پژوهشگران در صدد به کارگیری روش­های جایگزینی می­باشند که فاقد اثرات جانبی باشد؛ از این رو در پژوهش حاضر، اثرات ضدافسردگی تمرینات قدرتی، هوازی و ترکیبی در مردان بزرگسال مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت.
مواد و روش ­ها
در مطالعه نیمه­تجربی حاضر 60 مرد در دامنه سنی 20 تا 35 سال که بر اساس مصاحبه­های تشخیصی و سیاهه افسردگی بک-نسخه دوم (BDI-2) دارای افسردگی متوسط یا متوسط به بالا بودند، به طور تصادفی در چهار گروه 15 نفره شامل 1) گروه قدرتی، 2) گروه هوازی، 3) گروه ترکیبی قدرتی-هوازی و 4) گروه کنترل جای گرفتند و در یک دوره تمرین هشت هفته­ای (24 جلسه 45 تا 60 دقیقه­ای، سه جلسه در هفته، شدت 60 تا 75 درصد یک تکرار بیشینه/حداکثر ضربان قلب) شرکت کردند. داده­های حاصل از سنجش سطوح افسردگی بر اساس BDI-2 در پیش­آزمون و پس­آزمون با استفاده از آزمون t جفت­شده و تحلیل کوواریانس در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافته ­ها
سطوح افسردگی در هر سه گروه آزمایشی (قدرتی، هوازی، ترکیبی) کاهش معنادار داشت. علاوه بر این، پس از کنترل اثر پیش­آزمون، به ترتیب گروه تمرینات هوازی، ترکیبی و قدرتی بیشترین کاهش را در سطوح افسردگی تجربه کردند.
نتیجه­ گیری
بر اساس شواهد موجود، تمرینات هوازی قادر به ایجاد بیشترین سازگاری­های فیزیولوژیکی مرتبط با تنظیم هیجانات و سطوح افسردگی در مردان بزرگسال می­باشد، با این حال می­توان از سایر انواع تمرین بدنی و فعالیت­های ورزشی قدرتی و ترکیبی نیز برای کاهش نشانگان افسردگی بهره گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Antidepressant Effects of Strength, Aerobic, and Combined Exercises among Adult Men

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Dana 1
  • Fatemeh Rahimizadeh 2
  • Elmira Gozalzadeh 3
  • Sima Eshgarf 4
1 Department of Physical Education, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Master of General Psychology, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Department of Physical Education, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
4 Master of Motor Behavior, Shahr-e Kord, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aims: Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders in the world, with the prevalence of 13.6% in Iran among the population with 14-64 years old. The effectiveness of using antidepressants drugs is doubtful as the primary method of treatment and researchers are seeking alternative methods without side effects. In the present study, antidepressant effects of strength, aerobic, and combined exercise among adult men were studied.
Materials and Methods: In the present semi-experimental study, 60 men aged 20 to 35, who were moderately or moderately to highly depressed, based on the diagnostic interviews and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-2), were randomly placed into four groups of 15 individuals, including 1) strength group, 2) aerobic group, 3) combined group of strength-aerobic, and 4) control group, and participated in an eight-week exercise period (24 sessions of 45-60 minutes, 3 sessions per week, intensity of 60 to 75% of one maximum repetition/maximum heart rate). The data resulted from depression levels measurements in pre-test and post-test were analyzed using paired t-test and covariance analysis at 95 percent confidence level.
Results: Depression levels decreased significantly in all three experimental groups (strength, aerobic, and combined group). In addition, after controlling the effect of pre-test, the aerobic and combined and strength exercises groups experienced the highest reduction in depression levels, respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the existing evidence, it seems that aerobic exercises can produce the most physiological adaptations associated with the regulation of emotions and levels of depression in men; however, other kinds of strength and combined physical exercises and sport activities can be used to reduce the symptoms of depression, as well.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • depression
  • Men
  • Strength Exercises
  • Aerobic Exercise
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