اثر یک دوره تمرین ورزشی با تعداد جلسات متفاوت بر برخی شاخص های آمادگی جسمانی و حرکتی در دختران کم‌توان ذهنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

3 کارشناس ارشد مشاوره، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نیشابور، نیشابور، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
فرکانس­های تمرینی مختلف می­تواند تاثیرات متفاوتی بر آمادگی جسمانی افراد داشته باشد. هدفتحقیق حاضر بررسی اثر یک دوره تمرین ورزشی با تعداد جلسات متفاوت بر برخی شاخص­های آمادگی جسمانی و حرکتی در دختران کم­توان ذهنی بود.
مواد و روش ­ها
31 دختر کم­توان ذهنی (سن 42/2±06/12 سال، قد 5/15±2/136 سانتی­متر، وزن 42/12±48/30 کیلوگرم و بهره هوشی 70 تا 50)، از بین دانش­آموزان دبستان استثنایی مریم سبزوار به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند و به طور تصادفی به سه گروه 1) تمرین با دو جلسه در هفته، 2) تمرین با چهار جلسه در هفته و 3) گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند. گروه­های آزمایش به مدت 8 هفته در یک برنامه تمرینات منتخب با شدت 75 تا 65 درصد ضربان قلب ذخیره شرکت کردند. قبل و بعد از دوره تمرینی از همه آزمودنی­ها تست­های آمادگی جسمانی و حرکتی شامل تعادل ایستا، تعادل پویا، نیروی عضلانی، چابکی، هماهنگی و عملکرد استقامتی گرفته شد. داده­ها با استفاده از آزمون کلموگروف-اسمیرنوف، آنالیز کوواریانس یک­طرفه و t همبسته در سطح معناداری 05/0>P تحلیل شد.
یافته ­ها
نتایج نشان داد بین سه گروه در شاخص­های تعادل ایستا با چشمان بسته، چابکی و عملکرد استقامتی تفاوت معناداری وجود ندارد (05/0<P). تعادل پویا و نیروی عضلانی در گروه تمرین ورزشی با چهار جلسه در هفته در مقایسه با دو جلسه در هفته و گروه کنترل به طور معناداری بهبود یافت. تعادل ایستا با چشمان باز و هماهنگی بین دو گروه تمرینی تفاوت معناداری نداشت.
نتیجه­ گیری
هر دو برنامه تمرینی 2 و 4 جلسه در هفته باعث بهبود شاخص­های تعادل ایستا با چشمان باز و هماهنگی در دختران کم­توان ذهنی شد. شاخص­های تعادل پویا و نیروی عضلانی با حجم تمرینی 4 جلسه در هفته بهبود یافت. شاخص­های تعادل ایستا با چشمان بسته، چابکی و عملکرد استقامتی تحت تاثیر برنامه­های تمرینی قرار نگرفت؛ بنابراین پیشنهاد می­شود دختران کم­توان ذهنی برای بهبود شاخص­های آمادگی جسمانی و حرکتی خود از تمرینات منتخب با فرکانس چهار جلسه در هفته برای مدت هشت هفته استفاده کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Exercise Training with Different Frequencies on Some Factors of Physical and Motor Fitness in Girls with Mental Retardation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amirhossein Haghighi 1
  • Ali Zaferanieh 2
  • Maliheh Zaferanieh 3
1 Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
2 PhD student of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
3 MSc in Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabour Branch, Neyshabour, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Aim: Different training frequencies can affect the peoples’ physical fitness in different ways. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of exercise training with different sessions on some factors of physical and motor fitness in girls with mental retardation.
Materials and Methods: In the current study, 31 girls with mental retardation (age: 12.06 ± 2.42 years; height: 136.2 ± 15.5 cm; weight: 30.48 ± 12.42 Kg; and IQ: 50-70) from Maryam Special Elementary School in Sabzevar were selected following purposeful sampling and randomly divided into three groups: 1) exercise training with 2 sessions per week, 2) exercise training with 4 sessions per week, and 3) control group. The experimental groups participated in selected trainings program for 8 weeks, with an intensity of 65-75% of reserve heart rate. Before and after the training period, physical and motor fitness‌ tests, including static balance, dynamic balance, muscle force, agility, coordination, and endurance function, were administered. The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov- Smirnov, one way ANCOVA, and dependent t tests at significance level of P<0.05.
Results: The results showed that there is no significant difference between the three groups in the static balance with closed eyes, agility, and endurance function parameters (P>0.05). Dynamic balance and muscle force of the group with exercise training of four sessions per week improved significantly moer than those of two sessions per week and control groups (P<0.05). Static balance with open eyes and coordination were not observed to be significantly different between the two experimental groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results, both training programs with two and four sessions of training per week improved the static balance with open eyes and coordination indices in girls with mental retardation. The indices of dynamic balance and muscle force improved through training volume with four sessions of training per week. The indices of static balance with closed eyes, agility, and endurance function were not affected by these training programs. Therefore, it may be suggested that girls with mental retardation may apply the selected trainings with frequency of four sessions per week for eight weeks to improve their physical and motor fitness indices.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Exercise training
  • Mental retardation
  • Physical fitness
  • Different sessions
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دوره 7، شماره 3
مهر و آبان 1397
صفحه 244-254
  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 شهریور 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 30 دی 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 21 بهمن 1396
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 مهر 1397