بررسی اثر تکلیف دوگانه بر نوسانات وضعیتی کودکان اتیستیک با عملکرد بالا در مقایسه با کودکان نرمال

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد کاردرمانی، دانشکده علوم توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی

2 پزشک و مدیر گروه روان شناسی ورزشی، مرکز تحقیقات پزشکی ورزشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران

3 پزشک و فیزیولوژیست، استادیار دانشکده مهندسی پزشکی دانشگاه امیرکبیر، تهران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
اجرای هم زمان تکالیف حرکتی و شناختی یا به عبارتی تکالیف دو گانه در کودکان با اختلالات رشدی مورد توجه می باشد. با توجه به این که هر فرد در طی روز چندین فعالیت را هم زمان باهم انجام می دهد و در کودکان اتیستیک، اختلالات شناختی و کنترل حرکات وجود دارد، هدف ما بررسی اثر تکلیف شناختی بر پایداری وضعیتی کودکان خواهد بود.                             
مواد و روش ها
در این طرح تعداد 15 کودک پسر اتیستیک با عملکرد بالا در سن 9 تا 13 سال وارد شده و افراد با مشکلات هوشی شدید و اختلالات دیگر نورولوژی و اسکلتی خارج شدند. همان تعداد کودک سالم نیز که از نظر سن و جنس با گروه بیمار تطبیق داده شدند، در طرح شرکت کردند. سپس شاخص های نوسانات وضعیتی آن ها در اجرای تکلیف ساده (ایستادن تنها) و تکلیف دوگانه (ایستادن و شمارش) به کمک دستگاه صفحه نیرو ارزیابی شد. 
یافته ها
 مقدار نوسانات وضعیتی در هر دو تکلیف ساده و دوگانه در گروه اتیستیک بیشتر از گروه نرمال بود (05/0>p). فعالیت دوگانه نیز باعث افزایش شاخص های نوسانات در هر دوگروه شد که این افزایش در پارامتر میانگین سرعت در گروه بیمار و نیز در شاخص انحراف معیار مرکز فشار در گروه سالم از لحاظ آماری معنی دار بود(05/0>p).
نتیجه گیری
کودکان اتیستیک ناپایداری وضعیتی بیشتری در مقایسه با گروه کنترل دارند، که اختلال تاخیر رشدی و یا نقص در ساختار اعصاب مرکزی آن ها می تواند دلیل آن باشد. از طرف دیگر کاهش کنترل بدن و افزایش نوسانات در تکالیف دوگانه به استفاده بیشتر افراد از ظرفیت توجه، دلالت می کند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A study on the effect of dual task on postural stability in children with high functional autistic disorder compared with typically developing children

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jandark Eghlidi 1
  • Amir Hossein Memari 2
  • Shahriar Gharibzadeh 3
  • Parisa Ghanoni 1
1 MSc in Occupational therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 MD, Director of Sport and Exercise Psychology, sport and exercise research center, Tehran, Iran (corresponding author)
3 MD, PhD Physiologist, Assistant Professor in Medical Engineering College, Amirkabir University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aim: Performing cognitive and motor tasks simultaneously, which is called dual task, could be a challenging topic to children with motor disorders. Since in everyday life, each person can encounter situations in which require concurrent activities, and also there are deficits in cognition and motor control among autistic children, so we aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive task on children’s postural stability.
Material & Methods: In this study, fifteen boys with high function autism in the age range of 9-13 were recruited. Individuals with sever intellectual disabilities and other neurological or skeletal disorders were excluded. The same numbers of healthy children who were typically matched according to their sex and age with problematic children were included. Then sway parameters in the single (only standing) and dual (standing and counting) conditions were calculated with force plate.
Results: The postural sway score was higher in autistic group than control (p <0.05). Dual task makes the sway parameters increased. These changes are statistically significant in mean velocity among patients and also RMS (root mean square) among healthy children (p <0.05).
Conclusion: In one hand, autistic children have more postural instability in contrast with the control group. Developmental delay or deficits in the central neural system can lead them to confront difficulties. In the other hand, the decreased postural control and increased sway in dual task, suggest the higher usage of the limited attentional capacity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • dual task
  • Postural sway
  • High function autism
  • typically developing children
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