مروری بر کاربرد مفهوم سفتی در مطالعه ی خواص و رفتار مکانیکی بدن انسان و روش‌های تعیین آن در اندام تحتانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، گروه بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه آسیب شناسی و حرکات اصلاحی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
مقاومت مواد در برابر تغییرشکل ناشی از بارگذاری،«سفتی» نامیده می‌شود. این مفهوم به‌عنوان عاملی مهم در تولید حرکت و کنترل نورومکانیکی بدن انسان شناخته می‌شود و با ریسک آسیب و عملکرد اسکلتی-عضلانی ارتباط دارد. روش‌های مختلفی برای سنجش سفتی ارائه شده‌اند که هر یک می‌توانند تا حدی خواص و رفتار مکانیکی ساختارها، مفاصل یا کل بدن را توجیه کنند. هدف پژوهش حاضر مروری، بیان مبانی پایه­ی مبحث سفتی در بیومکانیک، تفکیک انواع سفتی اندام تحتانی و ارائه­ی آزمایش‌های ابداع‌شده برای تعیین آن‌ها در محیط طبیعی بود.
نتیجه‌گیری
هفت نوع سفتی با عناوین سفتی عمودی، سفتی پا، سفتی مفصل، سفتی عضلانی-مفصلی، سفتی تاندونی-عضلانی، سفتی تاندون و سفتی عضله مشخص شدند که برای سنجش آن‌ها از مدل جرم-فنر، دینامومتری، تکنیک نوسان آزاد، روش رهایش سریع، اولتراسونوگرافی و مایوتونومتری استفاده می‌شود. در تعیین سفتی عمودی و سفتی پا، کل اندام تحتانی به‌عنوان یک جزء واحد در نظر گرفته می‌شود؛ سفتی مفصل، سفتی عضلانی-مفصلی و سفتی تاندونی-عضلانی در سطح یک مفصل اندازه‌گیری می‌شوند و سفتی عضله و سفتی تاندون، این ساختارها را به‌طور مجزا موردمطالعه قرار می‌دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Review of the Concept of Stiffness in the Research on Mechanical Properties and Behavior of Human Body and Its Measurement Methods in Lower Extremity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojtaba Ashrostaghi 1
  • Heydar Sadeghi 2
  • Elham Shirzad 3
1 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran,
2 Department of Sports Biomechanics, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran,
3 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,
چکیده [English]

Background and Aim:The material's resistance to deformation under loading is named “Stiffness”. This concept is considered as an important factor in movement generation and neuromechanical control of human body and is related to musculoskeletal performance and injury risk. Various methods are presented to in vivo measurement of stiffness that may partially justify the mechanical properties and behavior of structures, joints, or overall body. The purpose of the present review article was to state the basic principles of stiffness in biomechanics, classification of various types of stiffness measured in lower extremity, and presentation of the methods introduced to in vivo measuring of them.
Conclusion: Seven types of stiffness including vertical stiffness, leg stiffness, joint stiffness, musculo-articular stiffness, musculotendinous stiffness, tendon stiffness, and muscle stiffness were recognized. Mass-spring model, dynamometry, free oscillation technique, quick-release method, ultrasonography, and mayotonometery are used to measure these variables. In the assessment of vertical and leg stiffness, overall lower body is considered as a unit component. Also, joint stiffness, musculo-articular stiffness, and musculotendinous stiffness are measured in the level of one joint. As for muscle stiffness and tendon stiffness, these structures are separately studied.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • stiffness
  • mass-spring model
  • free oscillation technique
  • Ultrasonography, Mayotonometery
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دوره 6، شماره 2
خرداد و تیر 1396
صفحه 258-270
  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 دی 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 03 خرداد 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 10 خرداد 1395
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 تیر 1396