عملکرد کارکردی در بیماران شدید روانپزشکی و معرفی ابزارهای پرکاربرد کاردرمانی جهت ارزیابی آن: مطالعه مروری

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

گروه کاردرمانی، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
امروزه اختلالات شدید روانپزشکی مانند اختلالات خلقی و اسکیزوفرنیا به­علت اختلال در عملکردهای فیزیولوژیکی، روانی-اجتماعی و ژنتیکی ایجاد می­گردد. این اختلالات بر عملکرد کارکردی این افراد تاثیر می­گذارد. عملکرد کارکردی به توانایی افراد برای انجام فعالیت­های روزمره و وجود کارایی در حوزه­های شغل، تفریح و مراقبت از خود و همچنین داشتن رضایت از انجام این فعالیت­ها گفته می­شود. وجود عملکرد کارکردی باعث مشارکت، بهزیستی و استقلال این افراد می­شود؛ بنابراین ارزیابی عملکرد کارکردی و آشنایی با ابزارهای پرکاربرد و دارای مشخصات روانسنجی مناسب در این زمینه برای ارائه خدمات حائز اهمیت است.
مواد و روش ­ها
در مطالعه حاضر ابتدا عملکرد کارکردی در بیماران شدید روانپزشکی تعریف و شرح داده شد. سپس پس از بررسی کتاب­های موجود در حوزه کاردرمانی روان و پایگاه­های اطلاعاتی Google Scholar، PubMed، ProQuest و OT Seeker در مرحله اول آزمون­های پرکاربرد را شناسایی کرد، سپس در مرحله دوم به بررسی مشخصات روانسنجی آزمون­ها در پایگاه­های اینترنتی و کتابچه راهنمای تست­ها پرداخته شد.
یافته ­ها
با توجه به جستجوی صورت­گرفته، 316 تست مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت که با توجه به معیارهای ورود و خروج که شامل سنجش عملکرد کارکردی، استفاده از روش­ها و آموزش­های استاندارد مختص بیماران روان بزرگسال دارای کاربرد کلینیکی، نشان دادن کارایی درمان، سنجش مشخصات فرد و مشخصات روانسنجی مناسب، شش آزمون OPHI، COPM، ACLS، KELS، BaFPE و AMPS بود، برای این مطالعه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
نتیجه­ گیری
به نظر می‌رسد با اهمیتی که عملکرد کارکردی در توانایی این افراد برای مشارکت، بهزیستی و استقلال دارد، آشنایی با ابزارهای ارزیابی عملکرد کارکردی که در مطالعه حاضر مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت، می­تواند گامی مهم در راستای غربالگری، ارائه خدمات درمانی و نشان دادن کارایی درمان برای این افراد باشد. همچنین به­منظور استفاده این آزمون­ها در داخل کشور پیشنهاد می­شود آزمون­هایی که هنجاریابی نشده­اند، مورد بررسی قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Functional Performance in Severe Psychiatric Patients and Introducing Most Practical Occupational Therapy Tools to Assess It: A Review Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Rashidian
  • Ashraf Karbalaee Nouri
Dep. of Occupational Therapy, University Of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aims: Severe psychiatric disorders, such as mood disorders and schizophrenia, are caused due to impairment of physiological, psychosocial, and genetic functions. These disorders affect the functional performance of these people. Functional performance is called the ability of individuals to carry out daily activities and to have efficiency in their fields of work, leisure, and self-care, as well as having the satisfaction of doing these activities. The existence of functional performance contributes to the participation, well-being, and independence of these individuals. Therefore, evaluating functional performance and familiarity with the most widely used tools and appropriate psychometric properties in this field is essential for the provision of services.
Materials and Methods: In the current study, functional performance was first defined and described in severe psychiatric patients. After examining existing books in the field of occupational therapy of mental health, and google scholar, OT seeker, PubMed, and ProQuest databases, in the first step, identifying the most commonly used tests, in the second step, we examined the psychometric properties of the tests on the database and the test manual.
Results: Our investigation resulted in identifying 316 tests. According to entry and exit criteria, including functional performance measurement, the use of standardized methods and training, adult psychiatric disorder, clinical application, showing treatment efficacy, measurements individual profile, and appropriate psychometric properties, six tests, namely OPHI, COPM, ACLS, KELS, BaFPE, and AMPS were studied.
Conclusion: According to the results, considering the importance of functional performance in their ability to participate, well-being, and independence, familiarity with the functional performance evaluation tools identified in this study can be an important step in screening, providing health care, and demonstrating the effectiveness of treatment for these individuals. Also, in order to use these tests in our country, it is recommended that the tests which have not been standardized be investigated.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Occupational Therapy
  • Evaluation
  • Psychiatric disorder
  • Assessment Tools Properties
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دوره 9، شماره 1
فروردین 1399
صفحه 294-304
  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 خرداد 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 24 تیر 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 28 تیر 1398
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 فروردین 1399