تاثیر هشت هفته تمرینات اصلاحی منتخب بر درد و وضعیت سربه‌جلو زنان با سینه‌های بزرگ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فوق لیسانس حرکات اصلاحی، گروه فیزیولوژی و حرکات اصلاحی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران

2 استادیار حرکات اصلاحی و آسیب شناسی ورزشی، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی و حرکات اصلاحی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 فوق لیسانس حرکات اصلاحی و آسیب شناسی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
امروزه دردهای ناشی از ماکروماستیا هزینه­ های درمانی بسیاری بر افراد تحمیل می­کند. ماکروماستیا وضعیتی است که سینه‌ها بیش از حد طبیعی، بزرگ می‌شوند. از مهمترین اثرات جسمی آن تاثیر بر انحناهای گردنی، سینه‌ای و کمری و همچنین درد در این نواحی است؛ بنابراین هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی تاثیر تمرینات اصلاحی منتخب منتخب بر درد و وضعیت سربه­جلو زنان با سینه‌های بزرگ است.
مواد و روش­ ها
در مطالعه حاضر 32 دانشجوی زن با سینه‌های بزرگ (سایز فنجان13) با دامنه سنی 23-28 سال از بین دانشجویان زن دانشگاه ارومیه به‌‌ صورت هدفمند انتخاب و به ‌صورت تصادفی به دو گروه کنترل و تجربی تقسیم شدند. اندازه‌ِگیری میزان درد در ناحیه گردن توسط توسط مقیاس VAS و میزان زاویه سر­به­ جلو با عکس ­برداری دیجیتال از نیم­ رخ بدن با استفاده از نرم ­افزار اتوکد در پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون به عمل آمد. پس از اجرای هشت هفته تمرین اصلاحی منتخب سنتی-موضعی بر روی گروه تجربی، برای تجزیه­ و ­تحلیل آماری از آزمون شاپیرو-ویلک،‌ تی زوجی و تی مستقل با سطح اطمینان 95 درصد استفاده ‌شد.
یافته ­ها
یافته­ های تحقیق حاضر نشان داد برنامه تمرینی اصلاحی منتخب موجب کاهش معنی‌داری با سطح اطمینان 95 درصد در میزان زاویه سربه ­جلو و درد گردن در زنان با سینه‌های بزرگ شده‌است.
نتیجه­ گیری
به نظر می‌رسد تمرین اصلاحی با تحت کشش قرار دادن عضلات کوتاه­شده، تقویت عضلات ضعیف، افزایش جریان خون عضلات، ریلکس شدن عضلات آنتاگونیست و متعاقبا افزایش دامنه حرکتی گردن منجر به کاهش میزان عوارض ناشی از سینه­ های بزرگ شده است؛ لذا انجام این تمرینات می‌تواند در کسب فواید جسمی و کاهش درد و بهبود کنترل پاسچرال در فعالیت روزانه این افراد حائز اهمیت باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Eight Weeks of Selected Corrective Training Program on Pain and Forward Head Posture in Females with Large Breasts

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdieh Maleki 1
  • Narmin Ghani Zadeh Hesar 2
  • Torkan Abbasi 3
1 MSc in Corrective Exercises, Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises Department, Sport Sciences Faculty, Urmia University, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Corrective Exercises and Sport Pathology, Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 MSc in Corrective Exercises and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aims: Macromastia is a condition according to which the breasts grow larger than normal. The most important complications of large breasts include cervical, thoracic, and lumbar curves as well as pain in these areas. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of selected corrective exercises on the pain and neck status of females with large breasts.
Materials and Methods: In the current study, 32 females, aged 23-28, who had large breasts (cup size 13) participated on a voluntary basis. Participants were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. In the pre- and post-test sessions, the neck pain was evaluated using VAS pain scale and forward head posture was assessed via digital photos of half a neck. Then, experimental group performed training program for eight weeks. Finally, Shapiro wilk test and paired t-test at 95% significance level were run to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that neck pain decreased, and forward head posture improved significantly.
Conclusion: According to the results, we found that eight weeks of corrective training, by reducing elongated muscles, strengthening weakness muscles, increasing muscle blood flow, relaxing antagonist muscles and subsequently increasing neck range of motion, has led to reduction in the incidence of complications from enlarged breasts. Considering the high impact of the training group, it is suggested that corrective training program be used to improve the essential factors for the females with large breasts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Large breasts
  • pain
  • Forward head posture
  • Corrective exercises
  • Female

مراجع

  1. Schnur PL, Schnur DP, Petty PM, Hanson TJ, Weaver AL. Reduction Mammaplasty: An Outcome Study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1996; 100 (2):875–883.##
  2. Spector JA, Karp NS. Reduction mammaplasty: A significant improvement at any size. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007; 120 (45): 845–850. ##
  3. Elowitz, E. H. Does Reduction Mammaplasty Revert Skeletal Disturbances in the Vertebral Column of Patients With Macromastia? A Preliminary Study. Aesthetic plastic surgery. 2014; 38(1): 113-120.‏ ##
  4. Chao JD, Memmel HC, Redding JF, Egan L, Odom LC, Casas LA. Reduction mammaplasty is a functional operation, improving quality of life in symptomatic women: a prospective, single center breast reduction outcome study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002; 110 (24): 1644–1652. ##
  5. Letterman G, Schurter M. The effects of mammary hypertrophy on the skeletal system. Ann Plast Surg. 1980; 5 (2): 425–431. ##
  6. Mazzocchi M, Dessy LA, Ronza SD, Iodice P, Saggini R, Scuderi N. A study of postural changes after breast reduction. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2012; 36 (12): 1311–1319. ##
  7. Raispis T, Zehring RD, Downey DL. Long-term functional results after reduction mammoplasty. Ann Plast Surg. 1995; 34(9):113–116. ##
  8. Stranjalis G, Kalamatianos T, Stavrinou LC, Tsamandouraki K, Alamanos Y. Neck pain in a sample of Greek urban population (fifteen to sixty-five years): analysis according to personal and socioeconomic characteristics. Spine (Phila Pa). 2011; 36(16):1098-1104. ##
  9. Findikcioglu K, Findikcioglu F, Ozmen S, Guclu T. The impact of breast size on the vertebral column: A radiologic study. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2007; 31:23–27. ##
  10. Blomqvist, L., A. Eriksson, and Y.Brandberg, Reduction MammaplastyProvides Long-Term Improvement in Health Status and Quality of Life. Plasticand Reconstructive Surgery. 2000; 106 (5): 991-997. ##
  11. Braun, B. L., and Amundsun, L. R., Quantitative Assessment of Head andShoulder Posture. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1989; 70 (20): 322-329. ##
  12. Driessen MT, Lin CW, van Tulder MW. Cost-effectiveness of conservative treatments for neck pain: a systematic review on economic evaluations. Eur Spine J. 2012; 21(8): 1441-50. ##
  13. Douglass AB, Bope ET. Evaluation and treatment of posterior neck pain in family practice. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2004; 17(5): 13-22. ##
  14. Peterson Kendall F, Kendall McCreary EK, Geise Provance P, Rodgers M, Anthony Romani W. Muscles: testing and function with posture and pain. 5th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010. ##
  15. Benditte-Klepetko H, Leisser V, Paternostro-Sluga T, et al.Hypertrophy of the breast: A problem of beauty or health?J Women’s Health. 2007; 16:1062-9. ##
  16. Won-gyu Yoo, Effect of Thoracic Stretching, Thoracic Extension Exercise and Exercises for Cervical and Scapular Posture on Thoracic Kyphosis Angle and Upper Thoracic Pain, J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 2013; 25: (12): 1509–1510. ##
  17. Lynch, S. Thighpen, C.A. Mihalik, J.P. Prentice, W.E. Padua, D.The effects of an exercise intervention forward head and rounded shoulder posture in elite swimmers. J Sport Med. 2010; 44: (10): 376-381. ##
  1. Letafatkar, M. Alizade, M. Taghavi, M. Hadadnezhad, M. Norouzi, HR. Effect of training programme on Neck range of motion and pain in non-athletics. Journal of rehabilitation, 1390; 14(2): 112-11. [In persian]. ##
  1. Lewis, b, bellomo, r, lewis.   D' a clinical procedur for assessment of severity of knee pain ' pain. 1995; 36 (3):361-364. ##
  2. Keats TE, Dalinka MK, Alazraki N, Berquist TH, Daffner RH, DeSmet AA, et al. Cervical spine trauma. American Collkege of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Radiology. 2000; 215(45): 243-6.
  3. Sokhangooyi, Y. Afsharmand, B. Corrective Exercises, First edition. Hatmi, 1392. [In Persian].
  4. Harman K, Cheryl LH, and Butler H. Effectiveness of an exercise program to improve forward head posture in normal adults: a randomized, controlled 10-week trial. J Man Manip Ther. 2005; 13(3):163-76. ##
  5. Kaye, Bernard L. "Neurologic changes with excessively large breasts." Southern medical journal. 1972; 65(2): 177-180.‏ ##
  6. Pernia, L. R., Ronel, D. N., Leeper, J. D., & Miller, H. L. Carpal tunnel syndrome in women undergoing reduction mammaplasty. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2000; 105(4): 1314-1319. ##
  7. Disorders. Occupational Biomechanics Handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2010. ##
  8. Roddey, T. S., Olson, S. L., & Grant, S. E.The effect of pectoralis muscle stretching on the resting position of the scapula in persons with varying degrees of forward head/rounded shoulder posture. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy. 2002; 10(3): 124-128.‏‏ ##
  9. William E. Prentice (Ed.). Rehabilitation techniques in sports medicine. McGraw-Hill Companies, 1999. ##
  10. Rezasoltani, A., Ali-Reza, A., Khosro, K. K., & Abbass, R. Preliminary study of neck muscle size and strength measurements in females with chronic non-specific neck pain and healthy control subjects. Manual therapy. 2010; 15(4): 400-403.‏ ##
  11. Häkkinen, A., Kautiainen, H., Hannonen, P., & Ylinen, J. Strength training and stretching versus stretching only in the treatment of patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized one-year follow-up study. Clinical rehabilitation. 2008; 22(7): 592-600.‏ ##
  12. Ylinen, J., Takala, E. P., Kautiainen, H., Nykänen, M., Häkkinen, A., Pohjolainen, T., & Airaksinen, O. Association of neck pain, disability and neck pain during maximal effort with neck muscle strength and range of movement in women with chronic non‐specific neck pain. European journal of pain. 2004; 8(5): 473-478.‏ ##
  13. Larsson, R., Öberg, P. Å., & Larsson, S. E. Changes of trapezius muscle blood flow and electromyography in chronic neck pain due to trapezius myalgia. Pain. 1999; 79(1): 45-50.‏ ##
  14. Kadi, F., Ahlgren, C., Waling, K., Sundelin, G., & Thornell, L. E. The effects of different training programs on the trapezius muscle of women with work-related neck and shoulder myalgia. Acta neuropathologica. 2000; 100(3): 253-258.‏ ##
  15. Seydi, Foad. Effect of 12-week corrective training on neck forward head and forward shoulder. Sport medical J. 1392; 14(2): 20-26. [In Persian].  ##
  16. Edmondston, S. J., Chan, H. Y., Ngai, G. C. W., Warren, M. L. R., Williams, J. M., Glennon, S., & Netto, K. Postural neck pain: an investigation of habitual sitting posture, perception of ‘good’posture and cervicothoracic kinaesthesia. Manual Therapy. 2007; 12(4): 363-371.‏ ##
  17. Bakhtiary, A., Hajihasani, A. H., Hedaiati, R., & Aminianfar, A. Investigation on the effect of stabilizer exercises on the forward head posture correction. Ann Mil Health Sci Res. 2012; 10(2): 111-117.‏ ##
دوماهنامه علمی - پژوهشی طب توانبخشی
دوره 9، شماره 2
تیر 1399
صفحه 51-60

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 29 اردیبهشت 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 03 تیر 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 مرداد 1398
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 تیر 1399

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار