The immediate effect of dynamic stretching of Quadriceps, Hamstrings and Gastrocnemius muscles on the knee joint Proprioception

Document Type : Original article

Authors

1 1. MSc Student, Department of Health & Sport Medicine, fauclty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 2. Professor, Department of Health & Sport Medicine, fauclty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Health & Sport Medicine Exercises, faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

4 4. MSc Student, Department of Health & Sport Medicine, fauclty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background and Aim: Impairments of joint proprioception make the joints prone to injury. It has been suggested that stretching exercises can cause changes in properties of the joint receptors, thereby alter the sensibility of the joints proprioceptors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dynamic stretching of muscles surrounding the knee on the knee joint position sense in college football players.
Materials and Methods: 30 college football players (mean age, 23.20± 1.45years) participated in this study. A 5 min warm up was performed before stretching followed by measuring knee joint position sense in dominant knee as pre-test record. Post test record was performed immediately after dynamic stretching of elected muscles.
Results: There was significant difference (p=0.04) in pre- and post-stretch on knee joint position sense. The absolute angular error decreased significantly after the stretching protocol (2.38±1.48 vs. 3.11±1.52).
Conclusion: A dynamic stretch regimen improved the accuracy of the knee joint position sense in 45˚of flexion in college football players.

Keywords

References

  1. Shellock FG, Prentice WE. Warming-up and stretching for improved physical performance and prevention of sports-related injuries. Journal of Sports medicine. 1985; 2(4): 267-78##
  2. Streepey J W, Mock M J, Riskowski J L, VanWye W R, Vitvitskiy BM, & Mikesky AE. Effects of quadriceps and hamstrings proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on knee movement sensation. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research.2010, 24(4): 1307- 42##
  3. Zimmer A, Burandt A, Kent C, Mikolajczyk T, Bradbury E, Knobloch M J, & VanLaarhoven R. The effects of acute stretching on running economy. Journal of Undergraduate Research. 2007, 3, (1): 52-61##
  4. Young W, Elias G, Power J. Effects of static stretching volume and intensity on plantar flexor explosive force production and range of motion. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2006, 46(3):403-11##
  5. McMillian DJ, Moore J H, Hatler B S, Taylor D C. Dynamic vs. static-stretching warm up: the effect on power and agility performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2006, 20(3): 492-99.##
  6. Björklund M, Djupsjöbacka M, Crenshaw AG. Acute muscle stretching and shoulder position sense. Journal of Athletic Training. 2006, 41(3): 270-4.##
  7. Prentice WE. rehabilitation techniques in sports medicine. 2nd ed.Vol 44. Editorial Paidotribo 2001. P:114-16##
  8. Brunnstrom S, Lehmkuhl LD, Smith LK. Brunnstrom's clinical kinesiology. FA Davis1983.P:111##
  9. Proske U. Kinesthesia: the role of muscle receptors. Muscle & nerve2006,34(5):545-58.##
  10. Bennell KL, Hinman RS, Metcalf, BR, Crossley K M, Buchbinder R, Smith M, & McColl G. Relationship of knee joint proprioception to pain and disability in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2003, 21(5): 792-97##
  11. Proske, U., Morgan, D. L., & Gregory, J. E. Thixotropy in skeletal muscle and in muscle spindles: a review. Progress in neurobiology.1993, 41(6): 705-21. ##
  12. Larsen R, Lund H, Christensen R, Røgind H, Danneskiold-Samsøe B, & Bliddal H. Effect of static stretching of quadriceps and hamstring muscles on knee joint position sense. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2005, 39(1): 43-6.##
  13. Torres R, Duarte J A, & Cabri J M. An acute bout of quadriceps muscle stretching has no influence on knee joint proprioception. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2012, 34(1): 33-9. ##
  14. Ghaffarinejad F, Taghizadeh S, & Mohammadi F. Effect of static stretching of muscles surrounding the knee on knee joint position sense. British Journal of Sports Medicine.2007, 41(10): 684-67.##
  15. Torres EM., Kraemer WJ, Vingren JL, Volek JS, Hatfield DL, Spiering BA,& Maresh CM..Effects of stretching on upper-body muscular performance.The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2008, 22(4): 1279-85##
  16.  Herman, S. L., & Smith, D. T. Four-week dynamic stretching warm-up intervention elicits longer-term performance benefits. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research.2008, 22(4): 1286-97.##
  17. Behm, D. G., & Chaouachi, A. A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2011, 111(11): 2633-51.##
  18. Abari A, Ghiasi F. Comparison effects of open and closed chain and target angle on knee joint position sense in healthy men and women. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 2009, 4(10):22-28]In Persian[.##
  19. Herrington L. Knee-Joint Position Sense: The Relationship Between Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Tests. Journal of sport rehabilitation. 2005, 14(4): 356.##
  20. Hall J E. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology: Enhanced E-book. Saunders2010. P:320##
  21. Croxford, P., Jones, K., & Barker, K. Inter-tester comparison between visual estimation and goniometric measurement of ankle dorsiflexion. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice1988, 14(2): 107-13.##
  22.  Edgar, D., Finlay, V., Wu, A., & Wood, F. Goniometry and linear assessments to monitor movement outcomes:Are they reliable tools in burn survivors?. Burns.2009, 35(1): 58-62.##
  23. Piriyaprasarth, P., Morris, M. E., Winter, A., & Bialocerkowski, A. E.  The reliability of knee joint position testing using electrogoniometry. BMC musculoskeletal disorders.2008, 9(1), 6.##
  24. Lafortune MA, Lambert C, Lake M. Skin marker displacement at the knee joint. Proceedings of NACOB II. The Second North American Congress on Biomechanics; Chicago, Illinois. 1992,P: 101–02.##
  25. Cappozzo A, Catani F, Leardini A, Benedetti MG, & Della Croce U.. Position and orientation in space of bones during movement: experimental artefacts. Clinical Biochemistry. 1996, 11(2): 90-100.##
  26. Herda TJ, Cramer JT, Ryan ED, McHugh MP, & Stout JR. Acute effects of static versus dynamic stretching on isometric peak torque, electromyography, and mechanomyography of the biceps femoris muscle. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2008 , 22(3): 809-17.##
  27. Franco BL, Signorelli GR, Trajano GS, Costa PB, & de Oliveira CG. Acute effects of three different stretching protocols on the Wingate test performance. J Sports Sci Med 2012,11:1-7##
  28. Yamaguchi, T. and K. Ishii. Effects of static stretching for 30 seconds and dynamic stretching on leg extension power .The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2005. 19(3): 677-83##
  29. Sekir, U., Arabaci, R., Akova, B., & Kadagan, S. M. Acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on leg flexor and extensor isokinetic strength in elite women athletes. Scandinavian J Med Sci Sports. 2010,20(2):268-81.##
  30. Little, T., & Williams, A. G. Effects of differential stretching protocols during warm-ups on high-speed motor capacities in professional soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2006, 20(1):203-307.##
  31. Arabaci, R. acute effects of differential stretching protocols on physical performance in young soccer players. Journal of New World Sciences Academy. 2009.4(2).P:50##
  32. Perrier, E. T. The effects of static and dynamic stretching on reaction time and performance in a countermovement jump. Thesis of Master of Science. Oregon State University. 2009##
  33. Young, W.B. and Behm, D.G. Should static stretching be used during a warm-up for strength and power activities?. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2002.24(6):33-7##
  34. Brandenburg, J. P. Duration of stretch does not influence the degree of force loss following static stretching. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2006, 46(4): 526-34.##
  35. Fletcher, I. M. and B. Jones. The effect of different warmup stretch protocols on 20 meter sprint performance in trained rugby union players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2004. 18(4): 885-88.##
  36. Young WB, & Behm DG. Effects of running, static stretching and practice jumps on explosive force production and jumping performance.The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2003, 43(1): 21-7.##
  37. Hamada, T. A. K. U., Sale, D. G., & Macdougall, J. D. Postactivation potentiation in endurance-trained male athletes. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2000, 32(2): 403-11.##
  38. Judge LW. The application of postactivation potentiation to the track and field thrower. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2009; 31(3): 34–6.##
  39.  Hodgson, M., Docherty, D., & Robbins, D. Post-activation potentiation underlying physiology and implications for motor performance. Sports Medicine2005, 25 (7): 385-95##
  40. Fletcher, I. M., & Anness, R. The acute effects of combined static and dynamic stretch protocols on fifty-meter sprint performance in track-and-field athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2007, 21(3): 784-87.##
  41. Manoel ME,. Harris-Love MO, Danoff JV, & Miller TA. Acute effects of static, dynamic, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on muscle power in women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2008, 22(5): 1528-34.##
The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
Volume 4, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
July and August 2015
Pages 86-96

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 01 September 2014
  • Revise Date: 09 December 2014
  • Accept Date: 24 February 2015
  • First Publish Date: 22 June 2015

Share

How to cite

Statistics