Comparison of auditory temporal processing ability between children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and normal children aged 7 to 12 years using Gaps-In-Noise test

Document Type : Original article

Authors

1 1. Department of Audiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2 2. Department of Otolaryngology and Head and neck surgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.

3 3. Biostatics Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Aim: Auditory temporal processing is an important ability of central auditory nervous system which has a basic role in speech and language development. It seems that the ability of such processing is deficient in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in comparison to normal children. So, the aim of this study was to compare the auditory temporal processing ability in children with ADHD and normal children using Gaps-In-Noise (GIN) test.
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional comparative study, 27 ADHD children aged from 7 to 12 years were selected using convenient sampling method. The control group was paired according to the age and sex. Gaps-In-Noise (GIN) test was administered to assess temporal processing and approximate threshold (A.th.) and the percentage of correct responses were calculated for all participants. Nonparametric (Mann Whitney) test was used to compare GIN test parameters between two groups. Paired t test was used to compare the result of two ears in each group.
Results: The mean approximate threshold and percentage of correct responses in ADHD group were7/9(2/55) ms, 53/21(12/87) % and in the control group were5/42(0/96) ms and 65/4(6/65) %, respectively. ADHD group performed worse than control group and there were significant differences between two groups in test parameter values (p<0.001) .There was no significant difference between right and left ear performance in both groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current study, it seems that auditory temporal processing in ADHD children is deficient that might be due to a Central Auditory Nervous System dysfunction. So GIN test can be useful in examining such processing in children with ADHD.

Keywords

References

1.Maria Isabel Ramos do Amaral,  Maria Francisca Colella-Santos. Temporal Resolution: performance of school-aged children in the GIN – Gaps-in-noise test.  Brazilian  journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2010; 76(6):745-52.
2. Greenhill LL, Hechtman LI. Attenntion Deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder.In: Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Kaplan &Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry.(Ninth Edition).Vol.4.Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.P.3558-70.
3. Alishahi MJ, Dehbozorgi GH R,  Dehghan B. Prevalence rate of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among the students of primary schools. Tabibeshargh 2003; 5(1): 61-7[In Persian].
4. David W. Dunn.  Attention deficit. Handbook of Clinical Neurology.Availablefrom:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/handbooks/00729752/111/supp/c.
5. Effat S, TawfikS,Hussein H, Azzam H, Eraky SE. Central auditory processing in attention deficit hyperactivitydisorder: an Egyptian Study. Middle East Current Psychiatry 2011; 18:245–52.
6. Toplak ME, Dockstader C, Tannock R. Temporal information processing in ADHD:Findings to date and new methods. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2006; 151:15–29.
7. Smith A, Taylor E, Warner Rogers J, Newman S, Rubia K. Evidence for a pure timeperception deficit in children with ADHD.  Journal of child psychology and psychiatry 2002; 43(4): 529–542.  
8.ToplakME,Rucklidge JJ, Hetherington R,  John SCF, Tannock R. Time perception deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid reading riginalies in child and adolescent samples. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2003;  44(6): 888–903.
9.Zaidan E, Garcia AP, Fraga Tedesco ML, Baran JF. Performance of normal young adults in two temporal resolution tests.Jan-Mar 2008; 20(1):19-24.
10.(Central) auditory processing disorders, (2005b). [Technical Report].American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Available from:
http://www.asha.org/docs/html/TR2005-00043.html.
11.American speech-language-Hearing Association.central auditory processing: current status of research and implications for clinical practice. American Journal of Audiology 1996.
12.Chermak G, Lee J. A comparison of tests of temporal resolution: AFTR, RGDT, BFT and GIN. PhD Thesis, Washington State University, Department of Speech and Hearing Science.2004.
13.Walker MM, Givens GD, Cranford JL, Holbert D, Walker L.   Auditory pattern recognition and brief tone discrimination of children with reading disorders. Journal of Communication Disorders 2006; 39:442–55.
14.Shinn JB. Temporal processing and temporal patterning tests. In: Musiec FE, Chermak GD. HandBook of (Central) Auditory Processing Disorder, Auditory Neuroscience and Diagnosis.Vol.1.Plural Publishing; 2007. P. 231-256.
15. Shinn JB, Chermak GD, Musiek FE. GIN (Gaps-In-Noise) performance in the pediatric population. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 2009; 20:229-38.
16.Sun W, Tang L, Allman BL. Environmental noise affects auditory temporal processing development and NMDA-2B receptor expression in auditory cortex. Behaviouralbrain research 2011;218:15–20.
17. MusiekFE, Shinn JB, Jirsa R, Bamiou DE, Baran JA, Zaidan E. GIN (Gaps-In-Noise) test performance in subjectswithconfirmed central auditory nervous systeminvolvement. Ear & Hearing 2005: 26(6);608–18.
18. R. c. Oldfield. The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia1971:9; 97-113.
19.Balen SA, Liebel G, MorescoBoeno MR, MellerMottecy C. Temporal resolution of young students.Rev CEFAC2009: 11; 52-61.
20. Perez AP, Pereira LD. The Gap in Noise Test in 11 and 12-year-old children(Original title: O teste gap in noise emcrianças de 11 e 12 anos). Jan-mar2010: 22(1);7-12.
21.FinettiMarculino C, Maia Rabelo C, Schochat E. Gaps-in-Noise test: gap detection thresholds in 9-yearold normal-hearing children. J Soc Bras Fonoaudiol 2011; 23(4):364-7.
22. Samelli AG, Schochat E. Study of the right ear advantage on gap detection tests. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol 2008: 74(2); 235-40.
23. Efron R, Yund EW, Nichols D. An ear asymmetry for gap detection following anterior temporal lobectomy.Neuropsychologia 1985: 23(1); 43-50.
24. Castellanos FX, Lee PP, Sharp W, Jeffries NO, Greenstein DK, Clasen LS, Blumenthal JD, James RS, Ebens CL, Walter JM, Zijdenbos A, Evans AC, Giedd JN, Rapoport JL.Developmental trajectories of brain volume abnormalities in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.JAMA 2002: 288(14); 1740-8.
25. Kobel M, BechtelN,Specht K, Klarhöfer M, Weber P, Scheffler K, Opwis K, Penner IK. Structural and functional imaging approaches in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Does the temporal lobe play a key role?.Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 2010: 183(3); 230-6.
26. Krain AL, Castellanos FX. Brain development and ADHD. Clinical Psychology Review 2006: 26; 433–44.
The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
Volume 3, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
September and October 2014
Pages 63-71

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 23 February 2014
  • Revise Date: 16 June 2014
  • Accept Date: 07 August 2014
  • First Publish Date: 23 September 2014

Share

How to cite

Statistics