The study of neuromuscular activity during movement in water

Document Type : Original article

Authors

1 PhD Candidate in sport biomechanics, Department of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of physical education and Sport science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding author) t_alirezai@yahoo.com

2 Full Professor of Faculity of physical education and Sport science, Department of Sport Biomechanics, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background and Aim: Since, the complex electromyographic signal (EMG) is controlled by CNS during muscle contraction and depends on physiologic and anatomic characteristics of muscle; it can be used in studying coordination and control of movement. Because of the relationship between quantities of EMG signal and muscle force, this technique has been used for studying the neuromuscular activity in postural tasks, functional movements, ergonomic conditions and training as well as clinical programs. Since motion in water has a special effect on muscle activity, and surface EMG is a great tool in recording and visualization of muscle activity. Its use has expanded among those who have a special interest in the effect of muscle motion such as researchers in the field of rehabilitation, sport and other areas related to biomechanics and kinesiology. With regard to the inherent differences between water and land, use of surface EMG is different. Challenges related to water proofing, sealing the electrodes and instruments when recording EMG signals for long duration is evident. In this review article, by examining different studies, challenges of recording EMG in water as well as various activities which have been examined by this method and their results will be reviewed. Searching for the articles was done on: EMG, Biomechanics, Neuromuscular activity, Aquatic Exercise in some related databases such as Pub Med, Science Direct and Mendely.    

Keywords

References

  1. Merlo A, Companini I. 2010. Technical Aspects of surface electromyography for clinicians. The Open Rehabil J, 3:98-109.
  2. Harrison RA, Hillman M, Bulstrude S. 1992. Loading of the lower limb when walking partially immersed: implications for clinical practice. Physiotherapy. 78: 164-166.
  3. Masumoto K, Mercer JA. 2008. Biomechanics of human locomotion in water: an electromyographic analysis. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 36 (3): 160-9.
  4. Masumoto K, Takasugi S, Hotta N, Fujishima K, Iwamoto Y. 2004. Electromyographic analysis of walking in water in healthy humans. J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci, 23:119-127.
  5. Masumoto K, Takasugi S, Hotta N, Fujishima K, Iwamoto Y. 2005. Muscle activity and heart rate response during backward running in water and on dry land. Eur J Appl Physiol, 95:54-61.
  6. Masumoto K, Takasugi S, Shono T, Hotta N, Fujishima K, Iwamoto Y. 2007. Age related differences in muscle activity, stride frequency, and heart rate response during walking in water. J Electromyogr Kinsiol, 17: 596-604.
  7. Masumoto K, Takasugi S, Shono T, Hotta N, Fujishima K. 2007. Muscle activation, cardiorespiratory response, and rating of perceived exertion in older subjects while walking in water and on dry land. J Electromyogr Kinsiol….
  8. Masumoto K, Takasugi S, Hotta N, Fujishima K, Iwamoto Y. 2007. A comparison of muscle activity and heart response during backward and forward walking on an underwater treadmill. Gait & Posture, 25:222-228.
  9. Bressel E, Dolny D, Gibbons M. 2011. Trunk muscle activity during exercises performed on land in water. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 43(10):1927-32.
  10. Mercer JA, Groh D, Black D, Gruenenfelder A. 2005. Technical note: Quantifying muscle activity during running in the water. Aquat Fitness Res J, 2:9-15.
  11. Veneziano W, Rocha A, Goncalves C, Pena A, Carmo J, Rainoldi A. 2006. Confounding factors in water EMG recordings: an approach to a definitive standard. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing. 44(4): 348-351.
  12. Clarys JP, Robeaux R, Delbeke G. 1985. Telemetered versus conventional EMG in air and water. In: Biomechanics IX-B, Winter D, Norman R, Patla A (Eds). Champain, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. 286-290.
  13. Pöyhönen T, Keskinen KL, Haultala A, Sovolaninen J. 1999. Human isometric force production and electromyogram activity of knee extensor muscles in water and on dry land. Eur J Appl Physiol, 80:52-56.
  14. Rainoldi A, Cescon C, Bottin A, Casale R, Caruso I. 2004. Surface EMG alternation induced by underwater recording. J Electromyogr and Kinsiol, 14(3): 325-331.
  15. Carvalho RG, Amiron CF, Peracio LH, Mense H, Szmuchrowski LA. 2010. Analysis of various conditions in order to measure electromyography of isometric contraction in water and on dry land. J Electromyogr Kinesiolo, 2 (5): 988-993.
  16. Dewhurst S, Riches P, Nimmo M. 2005. Temperature dependence of soleus H-reflex and M-wave in young and older women. Eur J Appl physiol. 94(5-6): 491-499.
  17. Petrofsky J, Laymon M. 2005. Muscle temperature and EMG amplitude and frequency during isometric exercise. Aviation, Space and Environment Medicine. 76(11): 1024-1030.
  18. Miyoshi T, Shirota T. 2004. Functional roles of lower-limb joint moments while walking in water. Clinical Biomech, 2: 194-201.
  19. Miyoshi T, Nakazava K, Tanizaki M, Sato N. 2006. Alterd activation pattern in synergic ankle plantarflexor muscles in a reduced-gravity environment. Gait & Posture, 24: 94-99.
  20. Miyoshi T, Shirota T, Yamamoto S, Nakazawa K, Akai M. 2004. Effect of walking speed to the lower limb joint angular displacements, joint moments and ground reaction forces during walking in water. Disabil Rehabil, 26: 724-732.
  21. Kaneda K, Wakabayashi H, Sato D, Uekusa T, Nomura T. 2008. Lower extremity muscle activity during deep-water running on self-determined pace. J Elecromyogr Kinesiol, 18 (6): 965-976.
  22. Pöyhönen T, Avela J. 2002. Effect of head-out immersion on neuromuscular function of plantar flexor muscles. Avit Space Environ Med, 73:1215-1218.
  23. Silver W, Dolny D. 2001. Comparison and reproducibility of s EMG during manual muscle testing on land and in water. J Electromyogr Kinsiol, 21(1):95-101.
  24. Barela AM, Stolf SF, Duarte M. 2006. Biomechanical characteristics of adults walking in shallow water and on land. J Electromyogr Kinsiol, 16:250-256.
  25. Barela AM, Duarte M. 2006. Biomechanical characteristics of elderly individuals walking on land and in water. J Electromyogr Kinsiol…..
  26. Dietz V, Horstmann G A, Trippel M, Gollhofer A. 1989. Human postural reflexes and gravity- an under-water simulation. Neuroscience Letters 108: 350-355.
  27. Pöyhönen T, Keskinen K L, Kyröläinen H, Haultala A, Sovolaninen. 2001. Neuromuscular function during therapeutic knee exercise under water and on dry land. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 82:1446-1442.
  28.  Pöyhönen T, Kyröläinen H, Keskinen K L, Haultala A, Sovolaninen, Mälikiä E. 2001. Electromyographic and kinematic analysis of therapeutic knee exercise under water. Clin Biomech, 16:496-504.
  29. Fujisawa H, Seunaga N, Minami A. 1998. Electromyographic study during isometric exercise of shoulder in head-out water immersion. J Shoulder & Elbow Surgery, 7(5):491-494.
  30. Kelly B, Roskin D, Kirkendall D, Speer K. 2000. Shoulder muscle activation during aquatic and dry land exercises in non impaired subjects. J Orthopedic & Sport Physical Therapy, 30(4): 204-210.
  31. Pinto SS, Liedtke G V, Alberton C L. 2010. Elecromyographic signal and force comparison during maximal voluntary isometric contraction in water and on dry land. Eur J Appl Physiol, 110: 1075-1082.
  32. Alberton C, Caduardo E, Pinto SS, Tartaruga. 2010. Cardiorespiratory, neuromuscular and kinematic responses to stationary running performed in water and on dry land. Eur J Appl Physiol, 110 (5): 1075-82.
  33. Sladka H. 2011. Compare of muscle timing during cycling on land. Diploma thesis. Department of Physiotherapy. Faculty Physical Education and Sport, Charls University, Prague, Czech Republic.

 

The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
Volume 2, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
March and April 2013
Pages 48-57

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 14 December 2011
  • Revise Date: 22 May 2012
  • Accept Date: 11 December 2012
  • First Publish Date: 21 March 2013

Share

How to cite

Statistics