Relationship between personality disorders and addiction severity in Iranian male drug users

Document Type : Original article

Authors

1 1. Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 2. Tabriz University, Department of Psychology, Tabriz, Iran. Dr Hamid Poorsharifi: Tabriz University, Department of Psychology, Tabriz, Iran.

3 3. Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

4 4. Faculty of Rehabilitation Scienses, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

5 5. Clinical psychology department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Aim: Regarding the importance of addiction in our societies, this study has been carried out to investigate the relationship between personality disorders and addiction severity.
Methods and materials: 248 addicts (135 opiate dependents and 113 stimulant dependents) chosen by convenient sampling method in 2013 were participated in this study. All participants were from patients referred to Addiction Treatment Clinics in Tehran, Iran. Data collecting process was accomplished by means of clinical interview based on DSM-5 criteria for Substance Use Disorders, Iranian version of Addiction Severity Index, and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory – III. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation using SPSS version 21.
Results: There was a significant correlation between cluster A and legal status (p<0.05), cluster B and alcohol use, drug use, legal status, and psychiatric status (p<0.05), and cluster C and alcohol and drug use (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Personality disorders in cluster B are stronger predictors for addiction severity and suggests specified treatment requirements in comparison with other groups.

Keywords

References

  1. Association AP. DSM-III: American Psychiatric Association; 1980.##
  2. Khantzian EJ, Treece C. DSM-III psychiatric diagnosis of narcotic addicts: Recent findings. Archives of general psychiatry. 1985;42(11):1067-71.##
  3. McGilloway A, Hall RE, Lee T, Bhui KS. A systematic review of personality disorder, race and ethnicity: prevalence, aetiology and treatment. BMC psychiatry. 2010;10(1):33.##
  4. Van Den Bosch LM, Verheul R. Patients with addiction and personality disorder: Treatment outcomes and clinical implications. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2007;20(1):67-71.##
  5. Erblich J, Earleywine M. Behavioral undercontrol and subjective stimulant and sedative effects of alcohol intoxication: independent predictors of drinking habits? Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 2003;27(1):44-50.##
  6. Lincoln A, Paasche‐Orlow MK, Cheng DM, Lloyd‐Travaglini C, Caruso C, Saitz R, et al. Impact of Health Literacy on Depressive Symptoms and Mental Health‐related: Quality of Life Among Adults with Addiction. Journal of general internal medicine. 2006;21(8):818-22.##
  7. Brook DW, Brook JS, Zhang C, Cohen P, Whiteman M. Drug use and the risk of major depressive disorder, alcohol dependence, and substance use disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2002;59(11):1039-44.##
  8. Grant BF, Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, Dufour MC, Compton W, et al. Prevalence and Co-occurrence of Substance Use Disorders and IndependentMood and Anxiety Disorders: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and RelatedConditions. Archives of general psychiatry. 2004;61(8):807-16.##
  9. Burns L, Teesson M. Alcohol use disorders comorbid with anxiety, depression and drug use disorders: Findings from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well Being. Drug and alcohol dependence. 2002;68(3):299-307.##
  10. Conway KP, Kane RJ, Ball SA, Poling JC, Rounsaville BJ. Personality, substance of choice, and polysubstance involvement among substance dependent patients. Drug and alcohol dependence. 2003;71(1):65-75.##
  11. Schmitz N, Kruse J, Kugler J. Disabilities, quality of life, and mental disorders associated with smoking and nicotine dependence. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;160(9):1670-6.##
  12. Smith* KW, Larson MJ. Quality of life assessments by adult substance abusers receiving publicly funded treatment in Massachusetts. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse. 2003;29(2):323-35.##
  13. Puigdollers E, Domingo-Salvany A, Brugal MT, Torrens M, Alvarós J, Castillo C, et al. Characteristics of heroin addicts entering methadone maintenance treatment: quality of life and gender. Substance use & misuse. 2004;39(9):1353-68.##
  14. Bizzarri J, Rucci P, Vallotta A, Girelli M, Scandolari A, Zerbetto E, et al. Dual diagnosis and quality of life in patients in treatment for opioid dependence. Substance use & misuse. 2005;40(12):1765-76.##
  15. Sherbourne CD, Hays RD, Fleishman JA, Vitiello B, Magruder KM, Bing EG, et al. Impact of psychiatric conditions on health-related quality of life in persons with HIV infection. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000;157(2):248-54.##
  16. Fontana RJ, Moyer CA, Sonnad S, Lok AS, Sneed-Pee N, Walsh J, et al. Comorbidities and quality of life in patients with interferon-refractory chronic hepatitis C. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2001;96(1):170-8.##
  17. Grant BF. Comorbidity between DSM-IV drug use disorders and major depression: results of a national survey of adults. Journal of substance abuse. 1995;7(4):481-97.##
  18. Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, Locke BZ, Keith SJ, Judd LL, et al. Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study. Jama. 1990;264(19):2511-8.##
  19. Kessler RC, Nelson CB, McGonagle KA, Edlund MJ, Frank RG, Leaf PJ. The epidemiology of co-occurring addictive and mental disorders: implications for prevention and service utilization. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 1996.##
  20. Rice DP, Kelman S, Miller LS, Dunmeyer S. The economic costs of alcohol and drug abuse and mental illness, 1985: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration; 1990.##
  21. McLellan AT, Luborsky L, Woody GE, O'BRIEN CP. An improved diagnostic evaluation instrument for substance abuse patients: The Addiction Severity Index. The Journal of nervous and mental disease. 1980;168(1):26-33.##
  22. McLellan AT, Luborsky L, Cacciola J, Griffith J, Evans F, Barr HL, et al. New data from the Addiction Severity Index reliability and validity in three centers. The Journal of nervous and mental disease. 1985;173(7):412-23.##
  23. Ekhtiari H, Edalati H, Behzadi A, Safaei H, Noori M, Mokri A. Designing and Evaluation of Reliability and Validity of Five Visual Cue-induced Craving Tasks for Different Groups of Opiate Abusers. IJPCP. 2008;14(3):337-49.##
  24. Millon T, Millon C, Davis RD, Grossman S. MCMI-III: Millon clinical multiaxial inventory-III (MCMI-III): manual: Pearson/PsychCorp; 2009.##
  25. Millon T, Davis RO. Disorders of personality: DSM-IV and beyond: John Wiley & Sons; 1996.##
  26. Sharifi A, Molavi H, Namdari K. The Validity of MCMI-III (Millon) Scales. 3. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology. 2008;34:27-38##.
  27. Krampe H, Wagner T, Stawicki S, Bartels C, Aust C, Kroener-Herwig B, et al. Personality disorder and chronicity of addiction as independent outcomepredictors in alcoholism treatment. Psychiatric Services. 2006;57(5):708-12.##
  28. Ritsher JB, Moos RH, Finney JW. Relationship of treatment orientation and continuing care to remission among substance abuse patients. Psychiatric Services. 2002;53(5):595-601.##
  29. Ford JD, Gelernter J, DeVoe JS, Zhang W, Weiss RD, Brady K, et al. Association of psychiatric and substance use disorder comorbidity with cocaine dependence severity and treatment utilization in cocaine-dependent individuals. Drug and alcohol dependence. 2009;99(1):193-203.##
  30. Warren JI, Burnette M, South SC, Chauhan P, Bale R, Friend R. Personality disorders and violence among female prison inmates. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online. 2002;30(4):502-9.##
  31. Hodgins S, Côté G. Major mental disorder and antisocial personality disorder: a criminal combination. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online. 1993;21(2):155-60.##
  32. Flynn PM, Brown BS. Co-occurring disorders in substance abuse treatment: Issues and prospects. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2008;34(1):36-47.##
  33. Gunn J, Taylor P. Forensic psychiatry: clinical, legal and ethical issues: CRC Press; 2014.##
  34. Association AP, Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual-text revision (DSM-IV-TRim, 2000): American Psychiatric Association; 2000.##
  35. Halgin RP, Whitbourne SK. Abnormal psychology: Clinical perspectives on psychological disorders: McGraw-Hill New York; 2003.##
  36. Noorbakhsh S, Zeinodini Z, Khanjani Z, Poursharifi H, Rajezi Esfahani S. Personality Disorders, Narcotics, and Stimulants; Relationship in Iranian Male Substance Dependents Population. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2015;Under Press.##
  37. Pihl RO. Personality disorders, behavioral disinhibition, and addiction: a commentary. Biological psychiatry. 2007;62(6):551-2.##
  38. Dani JA, Harris RA. Nicotine addiction and comorbidity with alcohol abuse and mental illness. Nature neuroscience. 2005;8(11):1465-70.##
  39. Rostami M, Hadadi P. Best practices methadine maintenace therapy. Tehran: Tabalvor; 2005.##
  40. Links PS, Eynan R. The relationship between personality disorders and axis i psychopathology: deconstructing comorbidity. Annual review of clinical psychology. 2013;9:529-54.##
  41. Bakken K, Landheim AS, Vaglum P. Axis I and II disorders as long-term predictors of mental distress: a six-year prospective follow-up of substance-dependent patients. BMC psychiatry. 2007;7(1):29.##
The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
Volume 4, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
September and October 2015
Pages 117-125

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 29 December 2014
  • Revise Date: 24 April 2015
  • Accept Date: 19 May 2015
  • First Publish Date: 23 September 2015

Share

How to cite

Statistics