Change of Optimum Angle for Torque Production after Repeated Bouts of Maximal Intensity Eccentric Exercises

Document Type : Original article

Authors

1 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3 Full Professor, School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Rehabilitation Research Center, Biomechanics Lab, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4 Associate Professor, School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

5 Assistant professor, department of occupational therapy, school of rehabilitation, tabriz university of medical sciences, tabriz, iran

Abstract

Background and aim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of repeated bouts of maximal intensity eccentric exercise at knee extensors on optimum angle and eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage indicators.
Materials and Methods: A total of 15 untrained healthy females performed two bouts of maximal intensity eccentric exercises (6 sets*20 repetitions) at knee extensors with the time interval of two weeks. Isometric and concentric extensor torques, optimum torque angles, delayed onset muscle soreness, knee range of motion, and thigh circumference were measured before and immediately, 48 hours, and 5 days after two bouts of eccentric exercises.
Results: Reduction of torques and range of motion, increase in optimum angle, and delayed onset muscle soreness were significant after the first bout of eccentric exercise. After the second bout, reductions in concentric torques and range of motion were less. Optimum angle at the velocity of 60 degree per second was increased and delayed onset muscle soreness was decreased at 48 hours after the second bout compared with that after the first bout (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Eccentric exercise induced muscle damage was evident after the first bout of eccentric exercise. Also, repeated bout effect was observed after the second bout. A change of optimum angle indirectly indicates the roll of cellar mechanisms in adaptation process to eccentric exercises. 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Hedayatpour N, Falla D. Non-uniform muscle adaptations to eccentric exercise and the implicationsfor training and sport. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2011; 22(3): 329-333.##
  2. Page PH. Pathophysiology of acute exercise-induced muscular injury: cilinical implications. J Athlet Train 1995; 30(1): 29-34.##
  3. Clarkson PM, Hubal MJ. Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Humans. Am J Physic Med Rehabilitation 2002; 81(11): S52-S69.##
  4. Clarkson PM, Tremblay I. Exercise-induced muscle damage, repair, and adaptation in humans. J Appl Physiol 1988; 65(1):1-6.##
  5. Proske U, Morgan DL. Muscle damage from eccentric exercise: mechanism, mechanical signs, adaptation and clinical applications. J Physiol 2001; 537.2: 333-345.##
  6. Morgan D, Allen D. Early events in stretch-induced muscle damage. J Appl Physiol 1999: 87(6): 2007-2015.##
  7. Hortobágyi T, Houmard J, Fraser D, Dudek R, Lambert J, Tracy J. Normal forces and myofibrillar disruption after repeated eccentric exercise. J Appl Physiol 1998; 84(2): 492-498.##
  8. Crameri R, Aagaard P, Qvortrup K, Langberg H, Olesen J, Kjaer M. Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction. J Physiol 2007: 583(1): 365-380.##
  9. McHugh MP. Recent advances in the understanding of the repeated bout effect: the protective effect against muscle damage from a single bout of eccentric exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2003. 13(2): 88-97.##
  10.  Nosaka K, Aoki MS. Repeated bout effect: research update and future perspective. Brazil J Biomotricity, 2011; (1): 5-15.##
  11.  Black CD, McCully KK. Muscle injury after repeated bouts of voluntary and electrically stimulated exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 40(9): 1605-1615.##
  12.  Nosaka K, Sakamoto K, Newton M, Sacco P. Influence of pre-exercise muscle temperature on responses to eccentric exercise. J Athlet Train, 2004. 39(2): p. 132-137.##
  13.  Hedayatpour N, Falla D, Arendt-Nielsen L, Farina D. Effect of delayed onset muscle soreness on muscle recovery after a fatiguing isometric contraction. Scand Med Sci Sports 2010; 20(1): 145-153.##
  14.  Hedayatpour N, Falla D, Arendt-Nielsen L, Farina D. Sensory and electromyographic mapping during delayed-onset muscle soreness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008a; 40(2): 326-334.##
  15. Hedayatpour N, Hasanlouei H, Arendt-Nielsen L, Kersting UG, Falla D. Delayed-onset muscle soreness alters the response to postural perturbations. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43(6): 1010-1016.##
  16.  Howatson G, Van Someren K. Evidence of a contralateral repeated bout effect after maximal eccentric contractions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007; 101(2): 207-214.##
  17.  Jamurtas AZ, Theocharis V, Tofas T, Tsiokanos A, Yfanti C, Paschalis V, et al . Comparison between leg and arm eccentric exercises of the same relative intensity on indices of muscle damage. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005. 95(2): 179-185.##
  18.  Howatson G. The impact of damaging exercise on electromechanical delay in biceps brachii. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2010; 20: 477-481.##
  19. Barroso RBR, Roschel H, Ugrinowitsch C, Rubens A, Nosaka K, Valmor T. Effect of eccentric contraction velocity on muscle damage in repeated bouts of elbow flexor exercise. Appl Physiol Nutrition Metabolism 2010; 35(4): 534-540.##
  20.  Chapman DW, Newton M, McGuigan M, Nosaka K. Effect of lengthening contraction velocity on muscle damage of the elbow flexors. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 40(5): 926-933.##
  21.  Prasartwuth O, Taylor J, Gandevia S. Maximal force, voluntary activation and muscle soreness after eccentric damage to human elbow flexor muscles. J Physiol 2005; 567(1): 337-348.##
  22. Morgan D. New insights into the behavior of muscle during active lengthening. Biophysic J 1990; 57(2): 209-221.##
  23.  Chen TC, Nosaka K, Sacco P. Intensity of eccentric exercise, shift of optimum angle, and the magnitude of repeated-bout effect. J Appl Physiol 2007; 102(3): 992-999.##
  24.  Chen TC, Chen HL, Lin MJ, Wu CJ, Nosaka K. Muscle damage responses of the elbow flexors to four maximal eccentric exercise bouts performed every 4 weeks. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 106(2): 267-275.##
  25. Brockett CL, Morgan DL, Proske U. Human hamstring muscles adapt to eccentric exercise by changing optimum length. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33(5): 783-790.##
  26. Chen TC, Lin KY, Chen HL, Lin MJ, Nosaka K. Comparison in eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage among four limb muscles. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111(2): 211-223.##
  27.  Philippou A, Maridaki M, Bogdanis G, Hlapas A, Koutsilieris M. Changes in the mechanical properties of human quadriceps muscle after eccentric exercise. In Vivo 2009; 23(5): 859-865.##
  28.  Yeung S, Yeung E. Shift of peak torque angle after eccentric exercise. Int J Sports Med 2008; 29: 251-256.##
  29.  Starbuck C, Eston RG. Exercise-induced muscle damage and repeated bout effect: evidence for cross transfer. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112(3)- 1005-1013.##
  30.  Paschalis V, Koutedakis Y, Baltzopoulos V, et al. Short vs. long length of rectus femoris during eccentric exercise in relation to muscle damage in healthy males. Clin Biomechanics 2005; 20: 617-622.##
  31.  Evans RK, Knight KL, Draper DO, Pracell AC. Effects of warm-up before eccentric exercise on indirect markers of muscle damage. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002; 34(12): 1892-1899.##
  32. Herbert RD, Gabriel M. Effects of stretching before and after exercising on muscle soreness and risk of injury: systematic review. Bmj 2002; 325(7362): 468.##
  33. Ingham SA, van Someren KA, Howatson G. Effect of a concentric warm-up exercise on eccentrically induced soreness and loss of function of the elbow flexor muscles. J Sports Sci 2010; 28(13): 1377-1382.##
  34. Wyse J, Mercer T. Gleeson N. Time-of-day dependence of isokinetic leg strength and associated interday variability. Br J Sports Med 1994; 28(3): 167-170.##
  35.  Rezaei M, Ebrahimi-Takamjani E, Jamshidi AA, VassaghiGharamaleki B, Hedayatpour H, Hvaei N. Effect of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage on electromyographyic activity of quadriceps in untrained healthy females. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2014; 28: 154.##
  36.  Child RB, Saxton JM, Donnelly AE. Comparison of eccentric knee extensor muscle actions at two muscle lengths on indices of damage and angle specific force production in humans. J Sports Sci 1998; 16(4): 301-308.##
  37.  Chapman DW, Newton MJ, McGuigan M, Nosaka K. Effect of slow-velocity lengthening contractions on muscle damage induced by fast-velocity lengthening contractions. J Strength Conditioning Res 2011; 25(1): 211-219.##
  38. Takekura H, Fujinami N, Nishizawa T, Ogasawara H, Kasuga N. Eccentric exercise-induced morphological changes in the membrane systems involved in excitation–contraction coupling in rat skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2001; 533(2): 571-583.##
  39. Corona BT, Balog EM, Doyle JA, Rupp JC, Luke RC, Ingalls CP. Junctophilin damage contributes to early strength deficits and EC coupling failure after eccentric contractions. Am J Physiol-Cell Physiol 2009; 298(2): C365-C376.##
  40.  Proske U, Allen TJ. Damage to skeletal muscle from eccentric exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Reviews 2005; 33(2): 98-104.##
  41.  Stauber WT. Delayed-onset muscle soreness. In: Z.Z. Magee DJ, Manske RC, Quillen WS, editors: The Athletic and sport issues in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. 1st edition. USA: Elsevier Saunders; 2010, 423-439.##
  42.  Marqueste T, Dercherchi P, Messan F, Kipson, N, Grolet L, Games Y. Eccentric exercise alters muscle sensory motor control through the release of inflammatory mediators. Brain Res 2004; 1023(2): 222-230.##
  43.  Kamandulis S, Skurvydas A, Brazaitis M, Skikas L, Duchteau J. The repeated bout effect of eccentric exercise is not associated with changes in voluntary activation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 108: 1065-1074.##
  44.  Fridén J. Changes in human skeletal muscle induced by long-term eccentric exercise. Cell Tissue Res 1984; 236(2): 365-372.##
  45. Thorstensson A, Grimby G. Karlsson J. Force-velocity relations and fiber composition in human knee extensor muscles. J Appl Physiol 1976; 40(1): 12-16.##
  46.  Butterfield TA, Leonard TR, Herzog W. Differential serial sarcomere number adaptations in knee extensor muscles of rats is contraction type dependent. J Appl Physiol, 2005; 99(4): 1352-1358.##
  47. Lynn R, Morgan D. Decline running produces more sarcomeres in rat vastus intermedius muscle fibers than does incline running. J Appl Physiol; 1994; 77(3): 1439-1444.##
  48.  Brockett CL, Morgan DL, Proske U. Predicting hamstring strain injury in elite athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36(3): 379-385.##
  49.  Skurvydas A, Brazaitis M. Kamandulis S. Repeated Bout Effect is not Correlated With Intraindividual Variability During Muscle-Damaging Exercise. J Strength Conditioning Res 2011; 25(4): 1004-1009.##
  50.  Lieber R. Skeletal muscle structure function and plasticity: The physiological basis of rehabilitation. 3th edition. China: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2010, 229-270.##
  51.  Lehti TM, Kalliokoski R, Komulainen J. Repeated bout effect on the cytoskeletal proteins titin, desmin, and dystrophin in rat skeletal muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motility 2007; 28(1): 39-47.##
The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
Volume 6, Issue 2
July and August 2017
Pages 131-140

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 07 March 2016
  • Revise Date: 29 May 2016
  • Accept Date: 13 June 2016
  • First Publish Date: 22 June 2017

Share

How to cite

Statistics