Comparison of Anatomical Intrinsic Risk factors between Athletes with and without Previous History of Ankle Sprain

Document Type : Original article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Sport Injury & Corrective Exercises, Shahid Rajaei Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.

2 MSc of Sports Injury & Corrective Exercises, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Aims: Ankle is the most commonly injured area in sport, which accounts for 25% of all sports injuries. The relationship between injury occurrences in this joint with the anatomical alignment of the lower extremity is unclear. So, the purpose of the present study was to compare anatomical intrinsic risk factors between athletes with and without a previous history of ankle sprain.
Materials and Methods: In the current cross-sectional study, 25 male athletes with previous history of ankle sprain and 25 healthy athletes were randomly selected and participated in the study voluntarily. Foot arch index, navicular drop, tibia vara, knee hyperextension, and tibia torsion­ were measured in samples. A comparison between the two groups was made using independent t-test for normally distributed variables, whereas the Mann–Whitney's U-test was used for non-normal distributed variables at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: Analysis of data using independent t-test and Mann–Whitney U test showed that there were significant differences in foot arch index (P=0.040) and tibia vara (P=0.0001) measures between the two groups. While there were no significant differences in navicular drop, knee hyperextension, and tibia torsion measures between the two groups.
Conclusion: According to findings, it is possible that lower limb malalignments can be contributed in ankle injuries incidence as intrinsic risk factors. Therefore, port injuries prevention and rehabilitation professionals are recommended to consider leg and ankle malalignments in preventing and managing the risk factors of lateral ankle sprain.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Samadi H, Rajabi R, Alizadeh MH, Jamshidi Ashraf A. Effect of Six Weeks Neuromuscular Training on Dynamic Postural Control and Lower Extremity Function in Male Athletes with Functional Ankle Instability. Studies in Sport Medicine. 2014; 5(14):73-90.##
  2. Pefanis N, Papaharalampous X, Tsiganos G, Papadakou E, P. B. The effect of Q angle on ankle sprain occurrence. Foot Ankle Spec. 2009; 2(1):22-6. ##
  3. Mohamadi E, Rajabi R, MH. A. The comparison of the lumbopelvic stabilizer muscle endurance  in  female  athletes  with  and  without  patellofemoral  pain  syndrome. J  Res  Rehab iSci  2013;9(3):424-34. ##
  4. James CR, Herman JA, Dufek JS, BT. B. Number of trials necessary to achieve performance stability of selected ground reaction force variables during landing. J Sports Science and Medicine. 2007; 6(1):126-34. ##
  5. Erfani M, Sahebozamani M, Marefati H, E. S. The Survey of Sole Arch Index and Its Relationship to Non - Contact Ankle Sprain in Athletes. J of Sport Medicine. 2011; 1(3):99-112. ##
  6. Noronha Md, Franca L, Haupenthal A, Nunes G. Intrinsic predictive factors for ankle sprain in active university students: a prospective study. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2013; 23(5):541-7. ##
  7. Donald A, PT. N. Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System Foundation for physical Rehabilitation. United States: Mosby Elsevier; 2010:78-90 p. ##
  8. Nguyen A-D, Boling MC, Levine B, Shultz SJ, Nguyen A, Boling M, et al. Relationships Between Lower Extremity Alignment and the Quadriceps Angle. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical. 2010; 40(3):A33. ##
  9. Milgrom C, Shlamkovitch N, Finestone A, Eldad A, Laor A, Danon YL, et al. Risk factors for lateral ankle sprain: a prospective study among military recruits. Foot & ankle. 1991; 12(1):26-30. ##

10. Beynnon BD, Murphy DF, Alosa DM. Predictive factors for lateral ankle sprains: a literature review. Journal of athletic training. 2002; 37(4):376. ##

11. Scranton Jr PE, McDermott JE, Rogers JV. The relationship between chronic ankle instability and variations in mortise anatomy and impingement spurs. Foot & Ankle International. 2000; 21(8):657-64. ##

12. Söderman K, Alfredson H, Pietilä T, Werner S. Risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players: a prospective investigation during one out-door season. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2001; 9(5):313-21. ##

13. Pefanis N, Papaharalampous X, Tsiganos G, Papadakou E, Baltopoulos P. The effect of Q angle on ankle sprain occurrence. Foot & ankle specialist. 2009; 2(1):22-6. ##

14. Raissi GR, Cherati AD, Mansoori KD, MD. R. The relationship between lower extremity alignment and Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome among non-professional athletes. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol 2009; 1(1):1-8. ##

15. Twellaar M, Verstappen F, Huson A, Van Mechelen W. Physical characteristics as risk factors for sports injuries: a four year prospective study. International journal of sports medicine. 1997; 18(01):66-71. ##

16. Soran A. Lower extremities Malalignment and History of Knee Injury. Kermanshah: Razi University; 2007. ##

17. Daneshmandi H, Saki F, Shahheidari S, Khoori A. Lower extremity Malalignment and its linear relation with Q angle in female athletes. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2011; 15:3349-54. ##

18. Nguyen AD, SJ. S. Identifying relationships among lower extremity alignment characteristics. J athletic training.  2009; 44(5):511-8. ##

19. Kwon O, Tuttle L, Commean P, Mueller M. Reliability and validity of measures of hammer toe deformity angle and tibial torsion. The Foot. 2009; 19(3):149-55. ##

20. Lohmann KN, Rayhel HE, Schneiderwind WP, Danoff JV. Static measurement of tibia vara: reliability and effect of lower extremity position. Physical therapy. 1987; 67(2):196-9. ##

21. Trimble MH, Bishop MD, Buckley BD, Fields LC, Rozea GD. The relationship between clinical measurements of lower extremity posture and tibial translation. Clinical Biomechanics. 2002; 17(4):286-90. ##

22. Rajabi R, Samadi H. Corrective exercise laboratory. University of Tehran press 2nd edition, Tehran. 2013:237-8. ##

23. Tong JWK, Kong PW. Association Between Foot Type and Lower Extremity Injuries: Systematic Literature Review With Meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2013; 43(10):700-14. ##

24. Onodera AN, Sacco ICN, Morioka EH, Souza PS, de Sá MR, Amadio AC. What is the best method for child longitudinal plantar arch assessment and when does arch maturation occur? The Foot. 2008; 18(3):142-9. ##

25. Morrison KE, Kaminski TW. Foot characteristics in association with inversion ankle injury. Journal of athletic training. 2007; 42(1):135-42. ##

26. Bahr R, Krosshaug T. Understanding injury mechanisms: a key component of preventing injuries in sport. British journal of sports medicine. 2005; 39(6):324-9. ##

27. Mei-Dan O, Kahn G, Zeev A, Rubin A, Constantini N, Even A, et al. The medial longitudinal arch as a possible risk factor for ankle sprains: a prospective study in 83 female infantry recruits. Foot & ankle international. 2005; 26(2):180-3. ##

28. Aydog S, Özçakar L, Tetik O, Demirel H, Hascelik Z, Doral M. Relation between foot arch index and ankle strength in elite gymnasts: a preliminary study. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2005; 39(3):e13-e. ##

29. Nakhaee Z, Rahimi A, Abaee M, Rezasoltani A, Kalantari KK. The relationship between the height of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) and the ankle and knee injuries in professional runners. The Foot. 2008; 18(2):84-90. ##

30. Murphy D, Connolly D, Beynnon B. Risk factors for lower extremity injury: a review of the literature. British journal of sports medicine. 2003; 37(1):13-29. ##

31. Beynnon BD, Renström PA, Alosa DM, Baumhauer JF, al. e. Ankle ligament injury risk factors: a prospective study of college athletes. J Orthop Res. 2001; 19(2):213-20. ##

32. Tomaro J. Measurement of tibiofibular varum in subjects with unilateral overuse symptoms. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1995; 21(2):86-9. ##

33. Fong DT-P, Hong Y, Chan L-K, Yung PS-H, Chan K-M. A systematic review on ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports. Sports medicine. 2007; 37(1):73-94. ##

34. Ross JA. Skiing and Snowboarding.  Athletic Footwear and Orthoses in Sports Medicine: Springer; 2010. p. 267-74. ##

35. Kalirathinam D, Saha S, Singh T, Saha S, Sadagatullah AN, Ismail MS, et al. Effect of Neuromuscular Training in the Rehabilitation of Ankle Lateral Ligament Injuries-A Review. Health Science Journal. 2016; 10(1):1-10. ##

36. Terada M, Pietrosimone B, Gribble PA. Individuals with chronic ankle instability exhibit altered landing knee kinematics: potential link with the mechanism of loading for the anterior cruciate ligament. Clinical Biomechanics. 2014; 29(10):1125-30. ##

37. Kramer L, Denegar C, Buckley W, Hertel J. Factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury: history in female athletes. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2007; 47(4):446-54. ##

38. Uhorchak JM, Scoville CR, Williams GN, Arciero RA, Pierre PS, Taylor DC. Risk factors associated with noncontact injury of the anterior cruciate ligament. The American journal of sports medicine. 2003; 31(6):831-42. ##

39. Herrington L, Cooke R. Retrospective Analysis of Non-Contact ACL Injury Risk: A Case Series Review of Elite Female Athletes. 2017. ##

40. Lun V, Meeuwisse W, Stergiou P, Stefanyshyn D. Relation between running injury and static lower limb alignment in recreational runners. British journal of sports medicine. 2004; 38(5):576-80. ##

41. F G. The study of anatomical lower extremity alignment in female athletes with ankle sprain injury. Rasht: University of Guilan; 2009. ##

42. Cowan D, Jones B, Frykman P, Polly Jr D, Harman E, Rosenstein R, et al. Lower limb morphology and risk of overuse injury among male infantry trainees. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 1996; 28(8):945-52. ##

43. Rauh M, Macera C, Trone D, Reis J, Shaffer R. Selected static anatomic measures predict overuse injuries in female recruits. Military medicine. 2010; 175(5):329-35. ##

44. McMahon TW. The relationship of static anthropometric measurements to lower leg, ankle, and foot injuries in air force academy cadets: a prospective longitudinal study. Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Pattersonafb Oh, 2001. ##

45. Singh A, Ali S, Kumar V, Srivastava RN. Mal-Alignment as a Risk Factor for Lower Extremity Overuse Injuries in Young Adults in Unorganised Sports Activities. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health. 2014; 1(2):25-8. ##

46. Alentorn-Geli E, Myer GD, Silvers HJ, Samitier G, Romero D, Lázaro-Haro C, et al. Prevention of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer players. Part 1: Mechanisms of injury and underlying risk factors. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy.2009; 17(7):705-29. ##

47. Dashti K, Babakhani M, Parnian Y, Ahanjan S. A Comparison of the Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of Foot in Basketball Players with Chronic Ankle Instability and Health. Applied Sport Physiology Research. 2013; 9(18):97-106. ##

48. Tong JW, Kong PW. Association between foot type and lower extremity injuries: systematic literature review with meta-analysis. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy. 2013; 43(10):700-14. ##

49. Dabholkar A, Singh K, Patil D. Evaluation of foot posture and Correlation with the injury in female Kho Kho players. . International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health. 2017; 4(4):381-4. ##

50. Loudon JK, Jenkins W, Loudon KL. The relationship between static posture and ACL injury in female athletes. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1996; 24(2):91-7. ##

The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
Volume 7, Issue 3
September and October 2018
Pages 180-188

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 14 October 2017
  • Revise Date: 14 December 2017
  • Accept Date: 03 January 2018
  • First Publish Date: 23 September 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics