Comparative Study of Syntactic Perception and Production between Persian-speaking Educable Children with Intellectual Disability and Typically Developing Children

Document Type : Original article

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Linguistics, English Language and Literature Department, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

2 PhD Candidate in Linguistics, English Language and Literature Department, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

3 PhD in Education Psychology, Education Psychology Department, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Shahid Chamran, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract

Background and Aims: As perception of language and particularly syntactic perception has a significant effect on language and learning development, the present study aimed at comparing syntactic perception and production between educable children with ID and TD children.
Materials and Methods: In the current causal-comparative study, 15 children with intellectual disabilities of chronological age 12-13 and mental age 7-9 were included. Intellectual disabilities of these children were confirmed earlier using Wechsler intelligence test, edition 4, and their IQ were measured to be between 55-70. The control group included 15 typically developing children of age 7-9 years and 15 typically developing children aged 12-13 years. Children with intellectual disabilities were selected from exceptional schools and typically developing children from normal schools of Jiroft city via available sampling method. All the three groups were homogenized in language ability using the verbal section of the Wechsler Intelligence Test, edition 4. The research data was gathered by adapting the study of Benítez-Burraco, Garayzábal, and Cuetos (2016). This test included six subtests that standardized by the Spearman-Brown. The data were then analyzed using multivariate analysis and SLD in SPSS.
Results: There was a significant difference between the overall performances of the three groups in syntactic perception and production (basic phrase rules, auxiliary markers and basic structure of the inflectional phrase, verbal valency, syntactic subcategory constraints within the verbal phrase, production of noun complement clauses, production of relative (adjunct) clauses) (P<0/05). Conclusion: The results of the present research showed that, in general, children with intellectual disabilities had a weaker performance in the perception and production of syntax in comparison to typically developing children with the same chronological and mental age. Gender was not found to have any significant effect on syntactic perception and production. Individuals who work in education of children with intellectual disabilities can make use of the results of this research.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Carroll, D. Psychology of language. Nelson Education; 2007.##
  2. Haspelmath, M., and Sims, A. Understanding morphology. London, United Kingdom: Routledge; 2013. ##
  3. Steinberg, D. An introduction to psycholinguistics. London, United Kingdom: Routledge; 2008.
  4. Yule G. The study of language: Cambridge university press. 2016. ##
  5. Brek L. Child Development. 7th ed. Illions: Pearson University. 2006. ##
  6. Tavakoli, H. A Dictionary of Language Acquisition: A Comprehensive Overview of Key Terms in First and Second Language Acquisition: A Comprehensive Overview of Key Terms in First and Second Language Acquisition. Tehran, Iran: Rahnama Press; 2013. [In Persian]. ##
  7. O’Grady D, M. Aranouf, M. An Itroduction to Contemporary Linguistics [A Darzi, trns]. Tehran: Samt. 2009. [In Persian]. ##
  8. Rahimpour M. Developmental Stage of Language. Journal of Faculty of Letters and Humanities. 2004;190:57-70. ##
  9. Ainsworth P, Baker PC. Understanding Mental Retardation: Univ. Press of Mississippi. 2004. ##
  10. Oskouei M, Nematzade, SH. Development of the Semantic Aspect of Verbs in the Persian Speaking Children:A Longtitude Study [(Persian)]. Rehabilitation. 2016;17(2):106-16. [In Persian]. ##
  11. Bornstein MH, Haynes OM, Painter KM, Genevro JL. Child Language with Mother and with Stranger at Home and in the Laboratory: A Methodological Study. Journal of Child Language. 2000;27(2):407-20##
  12. Lovas GS. Gender and Patterns of Language Development in Mother-toddler and Father-toddler Dyads. First language. 2011;31(1):83-108. ##
  13. Le Normand MT, Parisse C, Cohen H. Lexical Diversity and Productivity in French Preschoolers: Developmental, Gender and Sociocultural Factors. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. 2008;22(1):47-58. ##
  14. Esmaeeli-Nieh S, Sherr E. Mental Retardation/Intellectual Disability. In: Aminoff MJ, Daroff RB, Encycolopedia of Neurological Science. 2nd ed. Vol 2, p 190-194. Elsevier; 2014. ##
  15. Bastami M, Papari E, Abedini SS, Kahrizi K, Najabadi H. Genetic Causes of Putative Autosomal Recessive Intellectual Disability Cases in Hamedan Province [(Persian)]. Rehabilitation. 2012;13(1):66-70. ##
  16. Dykens EM, Hodapp RM, Finucane BM. Genetics and mental retardation syndromes: A new look at behavior and interventions. Paul H Brookes Publishing. 2000. ##
  17. Bertelli MO, Munir K, Harris J, Salvador-Carulla L. “Intellectual developmental disorders”: reflections on the international consensus document for redefining “Mental Retardation-intellectual Disability” In ICD-11. Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities. 2016;10(1):36-58. ##
  18. Pratt HD, Greydanus DE. Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation) in Children and Adolescents. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice. 2007;34(2):375-86. ##
  19. Fakhri F, Aqaei H, KHaje hoseini H. The Effect of Drama Therapy on Improving Motor Skill and Auditory Memory in children with Intellectual disabilities of IQ 55-75 at the Age of 10-15 Years. Rehabilitation. 2005;6 (2): 24-28. [In Persian]. ##
  20. Marrus N, Hall L. Intellectual Disability and Language Disorder. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics. 2017;26(3):539-54. ##
  21. Fowler AE. Language in Mental Retardation: Association with and Dissociations from General Cognition.In Burack JA, Hodapp RM, Zigler EF, editors:Handbook of Mental Retardation and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1998. ##
  22. Lumber JL rJ, Shipman HH, Pastorio, F. Language Disorders in Mental Retardation [ H Sazmand, trans]. Tehran: Exceptional Education Organization. 1997. [In Persian]. ##
  23. Seif Naraghi, M & Naderi A. Psychology of Mental Retardation and Method of Teaching. 7th ed. Tehran: Samt. 2011. [In Persian]. ##
  24. Dewart MH. Language Comprehension Processes of Mentally Retarded Children. American journal of Mental Deficiency. 1979;84(2):177-83. ##
  25. Chapman DL, Nation JE. Patterns of Language Performance in Educable Mentally Retarded Children. Journal of Communication Disorders. 1981 May 1;14(3):245-54. ##
  26. Bridges A, Smith JV. Syntactic Comprehension in Down's Syndrome Children. British Journal of Psychology. 1984;75(2):187-96. ##
  27. Clahsen H, Almazan M. Syntax and Morphology in Williams Syndrome. Cognition. 1998;68(3):167-98. ##
  28. Laws G, Bishop DV. A Comparison of Language Abilities in Adolescents with Down Syndrome and Children with Specific Language Impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2003. 46(6):1324-39. ##
  29. Perovic A. Syntactic Deficit in Down Syndrome: More Evidence for the Modular Organisation of Language. Lingua. 2006;116(10):1616-30. ##
  30. Joffe V, Varlokosta S. Patterns of Syntactic Development in Children with Williams Syndrome and Down's Syndrome: Evidence from Passives and Wh‐questions. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. 2007;21(9):705-27. ##
  31. Loveall SJ, Channell MM, Abbeduto L, Conners FA. Verb Production by Individuals with Down Syndrome During Narration. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2019;85:82-91. ##
  32. Benítez-Burraco A, Garayzábal E, Cuetos F. Syntax in spanish-speaking children with Williams syndrome. Journal of communication disorders. 2016 Mar 1;60:51-61. ##
  33. Gerken L, Landau B, Remez RE. Function Morphemes in Young Children's Speech Perception and Production. Developmental Psychology. 1990;26(2):204##
  34. Hirsh-Pasek K, Golinkoff RM. The Origins of Grammar: Evidence from Early Language Comprehension: MIT press. 1999. ##
  35. Dastjerdi Kazemi, M. Speech and Language Features. Exceptional Children. 2003; 3 (9): 256-288. [In Persian]. ##
  36. Raqib Dost SH. Malek Shahi A. The Ability of Persian Speaking Children with Down Syndrome in Comprehension of Simple and Complex Syntactic Structure. Persian Language and Literature Quertrly Journal. 2008;39:57-76. ##
  37. Darzi A, Sharif Pour S. The Function of C Command in Aquisition of First Language in Persian-speaking Children. Journal of Linguistics and Khorasan dialects. 2009(3):55-35. [In Persian]. ##
  38. Akbari Mani R, Jalilevand N, Ghorban A, Kamali M, Razavi, MR. The Evaluation of 4-6 Year-old Persian-speaking Children’s Ability to Comprehend and Express Wh-questions. Audiol. 2013;22(1):58-66. [In Persian]. ##
  39. Price J, Roberts J, Vandergrift N, Martin G. Language comprehension in boys with fragile X syndrome and boys with Down syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2007, 51(4):318-26. ##
  40. Rondal JA. Spoken Language in Persons with Down Syndrome: A Life-Span Perspective. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education. 2009,1;1(2). ##
  41. McIntosh B, Crosbie S, Holm A, Dodd B, Thomas S. Enhancing the Phonological Awareness and Language Skills of Socially Disadvantaged Preschoolers: An interdisciplinary programme. Child Language Teaching and Therapy. 2007;23(3):267-86. ##
  42. Mcdaniel, D; Cairns, HS; Mckee, C. Methods for assessing children's syntax. Mit Press; 1998.‏ ##
  43. Abedi M, Sadeghi, A., & Rabiei, M. Validity of Wechsler IQ Test 4 in Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari Province. Psychology Achievement. 2015;22(2):99-116. [In Persian]. ##
The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
Volume 9, Issue 3
November 2020
Pages 274-285

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 10 July 2019
  • Revise Date: 19 December 2019
  • Accept Date: 01 January 2020
  • First Publish Date: 22 September 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics