Effect of Physical Activity on the Level of Perceived Mental Pressure during Home Quarantine due to Coronavirus Outbreak

Document Type : Original article

Authors

Assistant Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background and Aims: The outbreak of coronavirus has caused a severe crisis in the world and governments in different countries have been forced to enact laws to prevent its spread, leading to experiencing a psychological trauma by most people.On the other hand, physical activity has known to be one of the effective factors in improving people's physical and mental health conditions. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of physical activity on perceived stress during coronavirus home quarantine
Materials and Methods: The current field study followed a quasi-experimental method. The research population included healthy women aged 30 to 45 yearswho were members of Social Media platform groups. A total of 24 individuals were selected and divided into experimental and control groups. Perceived Stress Questionnaire was used to collect data. The experimental group trained based on designed exercise program. They completed training protocol for six weeks, three sessions per week, each session for 60 to 80 minutes.The control group did not receive any intervention during the research period and continued their normal daily activities. Analysis of Covariance statistical method was used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that intervention program during coronavirusquarantine had a significant effect on the level of perceived stress in the experimental group. On other word, physical activity program could significantly reduce the perceived mental pressure level of the experimental group.
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, physical activity might improve body's immunity system as well as mental and psychological level, leading to a higher ability to deal with the virus.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. Longmuir PE, Colley RC, Wherley VA, Tremblay MS. Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology position stand: Benefit and risk for promoting childhood physical activity. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2014;39(11):1271-9.##
  2. Teychenne M, White RL, Richards J, Schuch FB, Rosenbaum S, Bennie JA. Do we need physical activity guidelines for mental health: What does the evidence tell us?. Mental Health and Physical Activity. 2020 Mar 1;18:100315. ##
  3. Giannuzzi P, Mezzani A, Saner H, Björnstad H, Fioretti P, Mendes M, Cohen-Solal A, Dugmore L, Hambrecht R, Hellemans I, McGee H. Physical activity for primary and secondary prevention. Position paper of the Working Group on Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology of the European Society of Cardiology. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation. 2003 Oct;10(5):319-27. ##
  4. Carter SJ, Baranauskas MN, Fly AD. Considerations for Obesity, Vitamin D, and Physical Activity Amid the COVID‐19 Pandemic. Obesity. 2020; 28(7): 1176-1177. ##
  5. White RL, Babic MJ, Parker PD, Lubans DR, Astell-Burt T, Lonsdale C. Domain-specific physical activity and mental health: a meta-analysis. American journal of preventive medicine. 2017 May 1;52(5):653-66. ##
  6. Vedøy IB, Anderssen SA, Tjomsland HE, Skulberg KR, Thurston M. Physical activity, mental health and academic achievement: a cross-sectional study of Norwegian adolescents. Mental Health and Physical Activity. 2020 Mar 1;18:100322. ##
  7. Lubans D, Richards J, Hillman C, Faulkner G, Beauchamp M, Nilsson M, Kelly P, Smith J, Raine L, Biddle S. Physical activity for cognitive and mental health in youth: a systematic review of mechanisms. Pediatrics. 2016 Sep 1;138(3). ##
  8. Zheng YY, Ma YT, Zhang JY, Xie X. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2020 May;17(5):259-60. ##
  9. Ornell F, Schuch JB, Sordi AO, Kessler FH. “Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020 Jun;42(3):232-5. ##
  10. Pfefferbaum B, North CS. Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020 Apr 13. ##
  11. Zandifar A, Badrfam R. Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian journal of psychiatry. 2020; 51. 1-3. ##
  12. Chen Q, Liang M, Li Y, Guo J, Fei D, Wang L, He L, Sheng C, Cai Y, Li X, Wang J. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Apr 1;7(4):e15-6. ##
  13. Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, Chen H, Mao Y, Chen S, Wang Y, Fu H, Dai J. Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. Plos one. 2020 Apr 16;15(4):e0231924. ##
  14. Jiménez-Pavón D, Carbonell-Baeza A, Lavie CJ. Physical exercise as therapy to fight against the mental and physical consequences of COVID-19 quarantine: Special focus in older people. Progress in cardiovascular diseases. 2020 Mar 24. ##
  15. Liu JJ, Bao Y, Huang X, Shi J, Lu L. Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2020 May 1;4(5):347-9. ##
  16. Park, S.-C.; Park, Y.C. Mental health care measures in response to the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Korea. Psychiat. Investig. 2020, 17, 85–86##
  17. Brooks, S.K.; Webster, R.K.; Smith, L.E.; Woodland, L.; Wessely, S.; Greenberg, N. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 2020, 395, 912–920##
  18. Li W, Yang Y, Liu ZH, Zhao YJ, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Cheung T, Xiang YT. Progression of mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. International journal of biological sciences. 2020;16(10):1732. ##
  19. Bo HX, Li W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Cheung T, Wu X, Xiang YT. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China. Psychological medicine. 2020 Mar .27:1-2. ##
  20. World Health Organization. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak, 18 March 2020. World Health Organization; 2020. ##
  21. Duan L, Zhu G. Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Apr 1;7(4):300-2. ##
  22. Xiao C. A novel approach of consultation on 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)-related psychological and mental problems: structured letter therapy. Psychiatry investigation. 2020 Feb;17(2):175. ##
  23. Jayaram DT, Runa S, Kemp ML, Payne CK. Nanoparticle-induced oxidation of corona proteins initiates an oxidative stress response in cells. Nanoscale. 2017;9(22):7595-7601. ##
  24. Bukhari EE, Temsah MH, Aleyadhy AA, Alrabiaa AA, Alhboob AA, Jamal AA, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak perceptions of risk and stress evaluation in nurses. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2016;10(08): 845-50. ##
  25. Alsubaie S, Temsah MH, Al-Eyadhy AA, Gossady I, Hasan GM, Al-rabiaah A, et al. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus epidemic impact on healthcare workers’ risk perceptions, work and personal lives. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2019;13 (10): 920##
  26. Shadmehr M, Ramak N 2, Sangan A.The Role of Perceived Mental Stress in the Health of Suspected Cases of COVID-19, Journal of Military Medicine.2020 February ,22(2):115-121##
  27. Schinke R, Papaioannou A, Henriksen K, Si G, Zhang L, Haberl P. Sport psychology services to high performance athletes during COVID-19.Internatinal Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2020 Apr. 1;18 (3): 269-272. ##
  28. Hammami A, Harrabi B, Mohr M, Krustrup P. Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Managing Sport and Leisure. 2020 Apr 20:1-6. ##
  29. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior,1983. 24, 385-396. ##
  30. Moghadam M ,Rashidzadeh S ,ShamsAlizade N,Fallahi B.The effect of stress management training on perceived stress and coping style in Medical students 2014. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences,2014.19:52-60. [In Persian] ##
  31. Hasanzadeh L M, Tarkhan M, Taghizadeh ME, Effectiveness of stress inoculation training on perceived stress in pregnant women with infertility, Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery (JHNM).2013. 23 (2):27-34. [In Persian] ##
  32. Bastani F, Rahmatnejad L, Jesmi F, Haghani H. Breastfeeding Self efficacy and Perceived Stress. Iranian Journal of Nursing. 2008.21(54).pp: 9-22. [In Persian] ##
  33. Labrie, B., Belanger, A., Cusan, L, Candas, B. (1997). Physiological changes in dehydroepiandrosterone are not reflected by serum levels of active androgens and estrogens but of their metabolites: intracrinology.j Clinendocrine metab 82:2403-2409##
  34. Bartholomew JB, Morrison D, Ciccolo JT. (2005) Effects of acute exercise on mood and well-being in patients with major depressive disorder. Med Sci Sports Exerc.; 37(12):2032-##
  35. You T, Ogawa EF, Thapa S, Cai Y, Yeh GY, Wayne PM, Shi L, Leveille SG. Effects of Tai Chi on beta endorphin and inflammatory markers in older adults with chronic pain: an exploratory study. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. 2019 Aug 20:1-4. ##
  36. Sharifi M, Hamedinia MR, Hosseini-Kakhak SA. The effect of an exhaustive aerobic, anaerobic and resistance exercise on serotonin, beta-endorphin and BDnf in students. Physical education of students. 2018(5):272-7. ##
  37. Delfan.B,Armanfar.S,Armanfar.M.Effect of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on anxiety and, blood cortisol secretion rate of young wrestlers. yafte . 2013.15(3):15-21. [In Persian] ##
Volume 9, Issue 3
November 2020
Pages 217-224
  • Receive Date: 24 August 2020
  • Revise Date: 12 September 2020
  • Accept Date: 12 September 2020
  • First Publish Date: 22 September 2020