Document Type : Original article
Authors
1
Department of Sports Injury and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
2
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
3
Department of Sport Biomechanics, Sport Science Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
4
Sport Rehabilitation and Health Department, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
10.32598/SJRM.15.2.3434
Abstract
Background and Aims Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk in soccer players is associated with abnormal landing and cutting mechanics; however, most screening tools assess single tasks or isolated devices. This study quantified the inter-rater and test-retest reliability of a synchronized multimodal test battery integrating 3-dimensional motion capture, force plates, surface electromyography (sEMG), and isokinetic dynamometry across 6 functional assessments (drop vertical jump, change of direction, landing error scoring system, tuck jump, single-leg squat, star excursion balance test) in male soccer players.
Methods A total of 35 male soccer players completed two identical testing sessions separated by 72 h under standardized conditions. Inter-rater reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation (ICC)(2,1), and test-retest reliability using ICC(3,1). Absolute measurement error was quantified using the standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable change at 95% confidence (MDC95).
Results Inter-rater reproducibility was highest for motion capture (median ICC=0.94) and isokinetic dynamometry (0.91), but acceptable for force plates (0.87) and sEMG (0.82). Test-retest reliability was strongest for isokinetic measures (ICC=0.88), moderate for motion capture (0.77) and sEMG (0.78); however, force plates demonstrated the lowest reproducibility (0.48). Landing-based tasks exhibited lower MDC95 values (13%-15%) than multidirectional and plyometric tasks (exceeding 20%-30%).
Conclusion These results established device- and task-specific thresholds for interpreting significant neuromechanical change and supported the application of synchronized multimodal screening as a measurement foundation for preseason assessment, longitudinal monitoring, and return-to-play decision-making in soccer players.
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