Effects of a Period of HIIT Exercises on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content in Male Mature Rats

Document Type : Original article

Authors

1 MS, Athletic Trainer, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Biomechanic and Sport Injury, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background and Aims: With regard to the importance of curing osteoporosis, the following study aims at investigating the effects of a period of HIIT exercises on BMD and BMC in male mature rats.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, 27 adult male Wistar rats, with an average weight of 190±20 grams were used. Mice were divided into three groups with the same diet: high intensity interval training (HIIT) (n=9), continuous training (n=9), and control group (n=9). Then, 24 hours after six weeks of training sessions, and after using anesthesia, the rats were sacrificed. HIIT protocol was equivalent to an intensity of 95% to 100% of the maximum oxygen consumption. The first session of the continuous exercise was initiated with an intensity equal to 80% of the maximum consumed oxygen. After each training session, one minute was added to the time of the exercise and after each week, the speed was increased by one meter per second. The femurs of the animals were carefully extracted and placed in formalin solution. Evaluations of BMD and BMC were performed using DEXA method at the femoral neck site. After the exercise, in order to analyze the dates of one-way analysis of variance, the Scheffe’ test was used with the significance level of 0.5.
Results: The results in BMD indicated a non-significant increase in the bone density of the HIIT group and also a non-significant decrease in the continuation training group compared with the control group. Also, in the HIIT group, there was a significant increase in BMC compared with the continuation group and also compared with the control group.
Conclusion: Considering that HIIT has led to an increase in BMC, it seems that this training method, after considering the scientific exercise principles (including age, sex, exercise records, access to good nutrition, etc.), can have a positive effect on the individuals exposed to the risk of osteoporosis.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Kanis JA, Melton LJ, Christiansen C, Johnston CC, Khaltaev N. The diagnosis of osteoporosis. Journal of bone and mineral research. 1994;9(8):1137-41.##
  2. Court-Brown CM, McBirnie J, Wilson G. Adult ankle fractures—an increasing problem? Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1998;69(1):43-7##
  3. Howe TE, Shea B, Dawson LJ, Downie F, Murray A, Ross C, et al. Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The Cochrane Library. 2011. ##
  4. Lane NE. Epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2006;194(2):S3-S11. ##
  5. Nikander R, Sievänen H, Heinonen A, Daly RM, Uusi-Rasi K, Kannus P. Targeted exercise against osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis for optimising bone strength throughout life. BMC medicine. 2010;8##
  6. Afousi Alireza, Chivaneh Siroos, Ga'ini Abbasali, Javidi Mohsen, Fallahi Ali Asghar. Extremely useful or harmful periodic exercises: An examination of changes in bone density after a period of intense periodic exercise program in adult male Wistar rats.[In persian] ##
  7. Rozenberg S, Vandromme J, Ayata NB, Filippidis M, Kroll M. Osteoporosis management. Int J Fertil Women Med. 1999;44(5):241-49. ##
  8. Iwamoto J, Sato Y, Takeda T, Matsumoto H. Role of sport and exercise in the maintenance of female bone health. Bone Miner Metab. 2009;27(5):530-37. ##
  9. MF. Mechanical effects on the skeleton: are there clinical implications. Osteoporos Int. 2001;12(1):77-83. ##

10. Huang TH, Chang FL, Lin SC, Liu SH, Hsieh SS, Yang RS. Endurance treadmill running training benefits the biomaterial quality of bone in growing male Wistar rats. J Bone Miner Metab. 2008;26(4):350-57. ##

11. Stewart AD, J. H. Total and regional bone density in male runners, cyclists and controls. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(8):1373-7. ##

12. Taaffe DR, Robinson TL, Snow CM, Marcus R. High impact exercise promotes bone gain in well-trained female athletes. J Bone Miner Res. 1997;12(2):255-60. ##

13. Joo YI, Sone T, Fukunaga M, Lim SG, Onodera S. Effects of endurance exercise on three-dimensional trabecular bone microarchitecture in young growing rats. Bone. 2003;33(4):485-93##.

14. Notami T, Lee SG, Okimoto N, Okazaki Y, Takamoto T, Nakamura T, et al. Effects of resistance exercise training on mass, strength, and turnover of bone in growing rats. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000;82(4):268-74. ##

15. New SA, Robins SP, Campbell MK, Martin JC, Garton MJ, Bolton-Smith C, et al. Dietary influences on bone mass and bone metabolism: further evidence of a positive link between fruit and vegetable consumption and bone health? The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2000;71(1):142-51. ##

16. Iwamoto J, Shimamura C, Takeda T, Abe H, Ichimura S, Sato Y, et al. Effects of treadmill exercise on bone mass, bone metabolism, and calciotropic hormones in young growing rats. Journal of bone and mineral metabolism. 2004;22(1):26-31##

17. Huang TH, Chang FL, Lin SC, Liu SH, Hsieh SS, Yang RS. Endurance treadmill running training benefits the biomaterial quality of bone in growing male Wistar rats. J Bone Miner Metab. 2008;26(4):350-57. ##

18. Bell LM, Ingle L. Psycho-physiological markers of overreaching and overtraining in endurance sports: a review of the evidence. Medicina Sportiva. 2013;17(2):81-97. ##

19. Barry DW, Kohrt WM. BMD decreases over the course of a year in competitive male cyclists. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2008;23(4):484-91. ##

20. Smith MJ. Sprint Interval Training - “It’s a HIIT!”: Colorado State University; 2008. ##

The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
Volume 7, Issue 3
September and October 2018
Pages 236-243

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 15 September 2017
  • Revise Date: 12 December 2017
  • Accept Date: 10 February 2018
  • First Publish Date: 23 September 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics