Selected Muscles Electromyography Activity in Kyphosis Corrective Exercises with and without Head Retraction

Document Type : Original article

Authors

1 MA student in Sport Injury and Corrective Exercises, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Sports Injury and Corrective Exercises, Allameh Tabataba'i University. Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Aims: One of the most common postural abnormalities is hyperkyphosis chest with its increase associated with an increase in forward head. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate selected muscles electromyography activity in kyphosis corrective exercises with and without head retraction.
Materials and Methods: In the current study, a sample of 15 non-athletic male students (18-25 years) with hyper-kyphosis higher than 42 degrees were selected. The activity of electromyographic with surface electrodes of Sternocleidomastoid muscles, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, and rhomboid in Cobra, W, and Y motions with and without head retraction were recorded using wireless EMG (16 channels, Bayamed Company). For intra-group comparison of muscle activity in the two states, t-test was performed with a significance level of 95% (α=0.05).
Results: The results showed that the activity of upper trapezius muscle and mid trapezius (p <0.05) in y motion with and without head retruction was statistically significant, but no significant difference was found in the activities of the other two muscles. Also, in the movement of W with and without retruction, the levels of activity of all four muscles were statistically significant (p <0.05). In Cobra movement, there was a significant difference in the levels of activity of upper trapezius muscles and Sternocleidomastoid between the two states with and without retruction of the head, but no significant difference was found in the activities of the other two muscles.
Conclusion: According to the results, a decrease in the upper trapezius activity and an increase in the mid trapezoid activity in y motion with head retraction were observed. It was also shown that in the movement of W with head retraction, except for the Romboid muscle, the activities of the other three muscles increased. In cobra movement, the activities of upper trapezius muscle and Sternocleido-astoid in head retraction were more than those without head retraction. The results also indicate that the position of the head has a different effect on the muscles electromyography in kyphosis corrective exercises. Therefore, it is recommended that application of these moves to treat kyphosis be performed with caution. All in all, more information is necessary to complete our knowledge in this regard.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. Norris CM. Back stability. IL: Human Kinetice, 2000.##
  2. Nicolas V, Nicolas P, Jacqes V.  Postural control during quit standing following cervical muscular– fatigue: effect of change in sensory input.  Neurosci Lett. 2005 22;378(3):135-9. ##
  3. LetafatKar A, Daneshmandi H, Hadadnezhad M, Abdolvahabi. Advanced Corrective Exercises (from theory to Application). Avayezohor, 2010, 470. ##
  4. John C, Ford A, David H. Vertebral Column Adoms orthopedic principle, 11thed. Londont, 2001, 177-222. ##
  5. Rajabi R, Doherty P, Goodarzi M, Hemayattalab R. Comparison of thoracic hypnosis in two groups of elite Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestlers and a group of non-athletic participants. Br J Sports. 2008; 42 (3): 229-32. ##
  6. Teramoto S, Suzuki M, Matsuse T, Ohga E, Katayama H, Nagase T, Fukuchi Y, Ouchi Y. Influence of kyphosis on the age-related decline in pulmonary function. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 1998;35(1):23-7. ##
  7. Quek J, Pua YH, Clark RA, Bryant AL. Effects of thoracic kyphosis and forward head posture on cervical range of motion in older adults. Man Ther. 2013;18(1):65-71. ##
  8. Seidi F, Rajabi R, Ebrahimi E, Alizadeh MH, Danesmandi H. The Effect of a 10-Week Selected Corrective Exercise Program on Postural Thoracic Kyphosis Deformity. J sport Medicine 2013;537(1): 5-22.[In Persian]. ##
  9. Hrysomallis C, Goodman G. Review of resistance exercise and posture realignment. J Strength Cond Res. 2001 Aug;15(3):385-90. ##
  10. Vaughn DW, Brown EW. The influence of an in-home based therapeutic exercise program on thoracic kyphosis angles. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2007;20(4):155-165. ##
  11. Farokhmanesh K, Ghasemi MS, Saeedi H, Roudbari M. Effect of foot hyperpronation on spine alignment, in standing. TUMS. 2012;6(2):65-71. ##
  12. Emadifar R Pink M1, Jobe FW, Perry J, Browne A, Scovazzo ML, Kerrigan J. The painful shoulder during the butterfl y stroke. An electromyographic and cinematographic analysis of twelve muscles. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993;(288):60-72. ##
  13. Mohamed O, Perry J, Hislop H. Relationship between wire EMG activity, muscle length, and torque of the hamstrings. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2002;17(8):569-79. ##
  14. Lee KJ, Han HY, Cheon SK. The effect of forward head posture on muscle activity during neck protraction and retraction. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(3):977-9. ##
  15. Kwon JW, Son SM, Lee NK. Changes in upper-extremity muscle activities due to head position in subjects with a forward head posture and rounded shoulders. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(6):1739-42. ##
  16. Yoon TL, Cynn HS, Choi SA, Lee LJ, Chio BS. Effect of the craniocervical brace on craniocervical angle, thoracic kyphosis angle, and trunk extensor muscle activity during typing in subjects with forward head posture Work. 2016 Sep 27;55(1):163-169. ##
  17. Weon JH, Oh JS, Cynn HS, Kim YW, Kwon OY, Yi CH. Influence of forward head posture on scapular upward rotators during isometric shoulder flexion. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2010 Oct;14(4):367-74. ##
  18. Hallgren RC, Pierce SJ, Prokop LL, Rowan JJ, Lee A. Electromyographic activity of rectus capitis posterior minor muscles associated with voluntary retraction of the head. Spine J. 2014;14(1):104-12. ##
  19. Mostafazadeh A, Rezazadeh F, Mahmoud pour A, Aali SH. Electromyographic Activity of the Scapulo-thoracic Muscles during Arm Abduction with Loading in Women with Forward Head Posture and Heal thy Women. Med J Tabriz Uni Med Sciences Health Services. 2016; 38(1): 68-75. ##
  20. Sahrmann SA. Diagnosis and treatment of movement impairment syndromes. London: Mosby, 2002.460-76. ##
  21. Quinton LS.  Effects of Forward Head Rounded Shoulder Posture on, Range of Motion, and Strength.  Shoulder Girdle Flexibility The thesis for degree master. 2005, 7-21. ##
  22. Yip GH, Dhiu TT, Poon AT. The relationship between head posture and severity and disability of patients with neck pain. Man Ther. 2008;13(2):148-54. ##
  23. Barbero M, Merletti R, Rainoldi A. Atlas of Muscle Innervation Zones, Springer-Verlag Italia. 2012; http://extras.springer.com. ##
  24. Ekstrom RA, Soderberg GL, Donatelli RA. Normalization procedures using maximum voluntary isomertic contractions for the serratus anterior and trapezius muscles during surface EMG analysis. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2005;15(4):418-28.
  25. McLean L. The effect of postural correction on muscle activation amplitudes recorded from the cervicobrachial region. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2005;15(6):527-35. ##
  26. Moore K, Dalley A, Agur A. Clinically oriented anatomy. 6th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2010. ##     
  27. Thigpen CA, Padua DA, Michener LA, Guskiewicz K, Giuliani C, Keener JD, Stergiou N. Head and shoulder posture affect scapular mechanics and muscle activity in overhead tasks.  J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2010;20(4):701-9. ##
  28. Fennell J, Phadke CP, Mochizuki G, Ismail F, Boulias C. Shoulder Retractor Strengthening Exercise to Minimize Rhomboid Muscle Activity and Subacromial Impingement. Physiother Can. 2016; 68(1):24-8. ##
  29. Moore MK. Upper crossed syndrome and its relationship to cervicogenic headache. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004 ;27(6):414-20. ##
  30. Mackenzie R. Treat your ownn eck.  New Zealand: Spinal Publications; 1983. ##
  31. Nolan JP Jr, Sherk HH. Biomechanical Evaluation of the Extensor Musculature of the Cervical Spine. Spine. 1988;13(1):9-11. ##
  32. Yoo WJ. Effect of thoracic stretching, thoracic extension exercise and exercises for cervical and scapular posture on thoracic kyphosis angle and upper thoracic pain. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013;25(11):1509-10. ##
  33. Lee ST, Moon J, Lee SH, Cho KH, Im SH, Kim M, Min K. Changes in activation of serratus anterior, trapezius and latissimus dorsi with slouched posture. Ann Rehabil Med. 2016;40(2):318-25. ##
Volume 8, Issue 3
October 2019
Pages 188-198
  • Receive Date: 17 December 2018
  • Revise Date: 22 January 2019
  • Accept Date: 04 March 2019
  • First Publish Date: 23 September 2019