Balance Performance in 7 to 12 Year-Old Students with Hearing Loss in Qom Deaf Schools

Document Type : Original article

Authors

1 Student Research Committee, MSc Student of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 PhD, Assistant Professor in Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3 Lecturer in Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4 PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

5 PhD, Assistant Professor in Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

6 PhD, Professor of Biostatistics, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background and Aim: The prevalence of moderate to profound hearing loss in children is 1 to 6 out of 1000. Children with deafness are at the risk of vestibular dysfunction. Since the vestibular apparatus triggers the vestibular reflex mechanisms that stabilize the eyes, head, and body in space, impairment of this mechanism will also affect postural sensibility. The aim of the present study was to investigate the balance performance in 7 to 12 year-old students with hearing loss in Qom deaf schools.
Materials and methods: In the present study, the balance performance of 47 students with moderate, severe, and profound hearing loss in Qom deaf schools was evaluated using balance subtest of Bruiniks Ozeretsky test of motor proficiency. For data analysis, the means of standard scores in different gender and age groups were compared. Also, based on classification of standard scores in test manual, classification of balance performance in age and gender groups and then students’ distribution in the performance classifications were determined.
Results: In each of the age groups, more than 50 percent and in each of gender groups 60 and more than 60 percent of the students had low balance performance. The means of their balance standard scores in each of age groups was 6 and less than 6 and in each of gender groups less than 6.
Conclusion: In the studied cases, most students in age and gender groups had low balance performance. The means of balance standard scores in age and gender groups indicate that balance performance level is low. These findings demonstrate that organizations related to hearing-impaired children such as Welfare Organization of Iran and Special Education Organization must pay more attention to balance rehabilitation in these children.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Rajendran, V., F.G. Roy, and D. Jeevanantham, Postural control, motor skills, and health-related quality of life in children with hearing impairment: a systematic review. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2012. 269(4): p. 1063-1071.##
  2. Rajendran, V. and F.G. Roy, An overview of motor skill performance and balance in hearing impaired children. Ital J Pediatr, 2011. 37(1): p. 33. ##
  3. Rajendran, V., F.G. Roy, and D. Jeevanantham, Effect of exercise intervention on vestibular related impairments in hearing-impaired children. Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2013. 49(1): p. 7-12. ##
  4. Suarez, H., et al., Balance sensory organization in children with profound hearing loss and cochlear implants. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 2007. 71(4): p. 629-637. ##
  5. Majlesi, M., et al., The effect of interventional proprioceptive training on static balance and gait in deaf children. Research in developmental disabilities, 2014. 35(12): p. 3562-3567. ##
  6. Arnvig, J.r., Vestibular function in deafness and severe hardness of hearing. Acta oto-laryngologica, 1955. 45(4): p. 283-288. ##
  7. Herdman, S.J. and R. Clendaniel, Vestibular rehabilitation. 2014: FA Davis. ##
  8. Effgen, S.K., Effect of an exercise program on the static balance of deaf children. Physical therapy, 1981. 61(6): p. 873-877. ##
  9. Lindsey, D. and J. O'Neal, Static and dynamic balance skills of eight year old deaf and hearing children. American annals of the deaf, 1976. ##
  10. Crowe, T.K. and F.B. Horak, Motor proficiency associated with vestibular deficits in children with hearing impairments. Physical therapy, 1988. 68(10): p. 1493-1499. ##
  11. Boyd, J., Comparison of motor behavior in deaf and hearing boys. American annals of the deaf, 1967. ##
  12. Venetsanou, F., et al., Motor assessment of preschool aged children: A preliminary investigation of the validity of the Bruininks–Oseretsky test of motor proficiency–Short form. Human movement science, 2009. 28(4): p. 543-550. ##
  13. Kosari, S., et al., The effect of physical exercise on the development of gross motor skills in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2013. 15(2): p. 74-78. ##
  14. Branch, A., Description of Gross and Fine Motor Skills for 9 and 10 Years Old Children of Golestan Province and Comparison to Each Other. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 2011. 8(2): p. 401-406. ##
  15. Rine, R.M., et al., Evidence of progressive delay of motor development in children with sensorineural hearing loss and concurrent vestibular dysfunction. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2000. 90(3 suppl): p. 1101-1112. ##
  16. Rine, R.M., et al., Improvement of motor development and postural control following intervention in children with sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular impairment. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 2004. 68(9): p. 1141-1148. ##
  17. Rine, R.M., et al., Balance and Motor Skills in Young Children with Sensorineural Hearing Impairment: A Preliminary Study. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 1996. 8(2): p. 55-61. ##
  18. Potter, C.N. and L.N. Silverman, Characteristics of vestibular function and static balance skills in deaf children. Physical therapy, 1984. 64(7): p. 1071-1075. ##
  19. Siegel, J.C., M. Marchetti, and J.S. Tecklin, Age-related balance changes in hearing-impaired children. Physical therapy, 1991. 71(3): p. 183-189. ##
The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
Volume 6, Issue 3
September and October 2017
Pages 95-102

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 08 June 2016
  • Revise Date: 03 September 2016
  • Accept Date: 26 September 2016
  • First Publish Date: 23 September 2017

Share

How to cite

Statistics