Is There a Relationship between Sport and Osteoarthritis?

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Professor of Physiotherapy, Department of Corrective Exercises and Sport Injuries, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 PhD Student of Corrective Exercises, Department of Corrective Exercises and Sport Injuries, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

Background and Aims: To investigate the relationship between recreational and professional sports and osteoarthritis
Materials and Methods: To carry out the present review article, we conducted a literature search in PubMed and Sportdiscus databases in the past three decades (1987 to 2017). The keywords used in the search process included ‘Osteoarthritis’, ‘Athletes’ and ‘Elite’, and ‘Sports’ with their related synonyms.  Also, to search Persian articles, we used MAGIRAN, SID, and ISC databases.
Results: Considering the inclusion criteria, 29 articles (28 English and 1 Persian) were selected: 13 articles were about the relationship between osteoarthritis and recreational sport and 16 articles investigated the osteoarthritis among elite athletes. Out of 13 articles on recreational sports, 5 prospective studies investigated OA among adult runners and 8 case control studies investigated OA in the knee and hip joint of other athletes. Out of 16 articles addressing professional sports, 7 articles investigated OA of lower extremity joints in former elite soccer players, 1 article investigated knee joint OA in former table tennis players, 1 article inspected shoulder joint among retired tennis players, 1 article investigated ankle joint OA in former volleyball players, and 1 article investigated OA among elite runners.
Conclusion: Recreational sport activities with moderate intensity, regardless of the sport, is not a risk factor for radiological and clinical OA and due to undeniable advantages of athletic activities, people should be encouraged to pursue them. Radiographic OA seems to increase among general population and elite athletes in certain team and power sports (football, rugby, wrestling, weightlifting, and racket sports) if the conditioning and competitions are intensive. Furthermore, it does not seem that elite endurance athletes are at the risk of OA. The risk of OA increases with repetitive and high-impact sports. This risk is highly associated with joint injury.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
Volume 7, Issue 3
September and October 2018
Pages 285-298

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History

  • Receive Date: 04 June 2017
  • Revise Date: 14 December 2017
  • Accept Date: 02 January 2018
  • First Publish Date: 23 September 2018

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