بررسی مقایسه ی افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس سالمندان ورزشکار با سالمندان غیر ورزشکار در سال 1392

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 1 . استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 2. دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، ‌دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 3. گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه ، کرمانشاه، ایران

4 4. کارشناسی ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام ، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
با توجه به روند رو به رشد جمعیت سالمندان در جوامع مختلف دنیا، اهمیت ارتقاء سلامت جسم و روان یکی از ارکان مهم هر دولتی به شمار می­آید که با برنامه­ریزی دقیق راه­های سلامتی را در این گروه سنی شناسایی کرده و با تقویت برنامه­های برتر، سعی در حفظ سلامتی و بهداشت افراد جامعه نماید. از آن­جایی که ورزش نکردن عاملی برای کاهش عملکرد و آسیب به سلامت جسم می­باشد، برآن شدیم تا در این پژوهش به مقایسه­ی افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس در دو گروه سالمندان ورزشکار و غیر ورزشکار بپردازیم.
مواد و روش ها
این مطالعه­ی علی- مقایسه­ای بر روی 142 نفر از  سالمندان شهر کرمانشاه که به شیوة نمونه­گیری در دسترس انتخاب شده بودند، انجام شد. ابزار مورد استفاده پرسشنامه اطلاعات عمومی (دموگرافیک) و نیز افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس (DASS- 21) بود. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها از نرم افزار SPSS 21 و روش آماری توصیفی (میانگین، انحراف استاندار، درصد) و استنباطی T- test و خی­دو استفاده شد.
یافته ها
تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از آزمون T برای گروه­های مستقل نشان داد که میزان استرس، افسردگی و اضطراب در سالمندان ورزشکار در مقایسه با گروه غیر ورزشکار به مقدار قابل ملاحظه­ای کمتر است (05/0> p).
نتیجه گیری
نتایج این مطالعه نشان می­دهد که سالمندان ورزشکار نسبت به همسالان خود از میزان افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس بسیار کمتری برخوردارند، و ورزش کردن به عنوان عاملی برای عملکرد جسمی بهتر، افزایش طول عمر و نیز ارتقاء سلامت روان شناخته می­شود. پس با ایجاد فضای تفریحی و ورزشی مساعد می­توان سلامت روان سالمندان را تا حد بسیار بالایی افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative study of depression, anxiety and stress among athletic elderly versus nonathletic elderly in 1392

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nosratolah Montazeri 1
  • Mohammad Hossein Sorbi 2
  • Sayed Mojtaba Ahmadi 3
  • Shirin yazdanpoor 4
1 1. Assistant professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran
2 2. M.A student of clinical psychology, Department of Psychology, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 3. Instructor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of psychology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
4 4. B. A of English literature. Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Aim: As a respect of increasing the number of elderly in societies, the importance and upraising of body and psyche's health among elderly is one of the important pillars in each government. The government should try its best in order to preserve its inhabitant's wellbeing and hygiene by accurate planning for recognizing the wellbeing factors and reinforcing the superior plans in this age group. Being nonathletic is a factor for decreasing the operation and injuring the body's health, so in this research we have decided to comparison of exercising on elderly depression, anxiety and stress among athletic and nonathletic groups.
Materials and Methods: This casual- comparative study had been done on 142 elderly in Kermanshah city that the accessible sampling method was selected. The used tools were general information questionnaire (Demography) and also depression, anxiety and stress (DASS- 21). SPSS21 software, descriptive statistic method (mean, standard deviation, and percent), deductive (T- test and Chi- square) were used for analyzing the data.  
Results: Analyzing data by using T-test for independent groups shows that the amount of stress, depression and anxiety among athletic elderly is noticeably less than nonathletic group (p<0/05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that elderly athletes had depression, anxiety and stress much smaller than their non-athletic peers. Exercising is being recognized as a factor for better somatic operation, increasing longevity and also preferment of mental health. So the mental health of elderly can be increased a lot by making favorable sportive and social places
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • depression
  • Anxiety
  • Stress
  • Athletic
  • Elderly
1. Sharif daramadi P, Panahali A. Compare of happiness living in house with nursing home 2011; 6(21):49-55. [In Persian]
2. Khoshbin S, Eshrati B, Azizabadi FA, and Motlagh A. Report reviews the status of the elderly in 2003. Tehran: Ministry of Health and Medical Education Publisher; 2008. P.5-8. [In Persian]
3. Iran statistics center. Population and dwelling general census, statistics and result of province, Tehran: Iran statistics center Publisher; 2006. [In Persian]
4. Alipour F, Sajadi H, Forouzan A, Biglarian A, Jalilian A. Quality of life in elderly region 2 Tehran. Iranian journal of ageing 2008; 3(9):75-83. [In Persian]
5. Sohrabi M, Zolfaghari P, Mehdizade F, Aghaian SM, Shariatee Z, Khosravi A. Evaluation and comparison of cognitive state and depression in elderly admitted in sanitarium with elderly sited in personal home. Journal of knowledge and health 2008; 3(2):27-31. [In Persian]
6. Riahi A. Comparative study of the position and status of elderly people in the past and contemporary societies. Iranian Journal of Ageing 2009; 3(9): 9-21. [In Persian]
7. Matteson MA, Mc Connell ES. Erotological Nursing. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1988.
8. Hassanzadeh Chayjany Z. Concept principal position of mental health. [Dissertation]. Guilan: University of Medical Science; 1997. [In Persian]
9. Heydari N, Sheikhi Z, Gudarzi A. Considering the relationship between Physical Stressors in Nurses and Appearance of Organizational Noncreative Conflicts; 2012. [In Persian]
10. Maghsodnia SH. Primary Health Care's of the Elderly in Iran 2007; 51-129. [In Persian]
11. Kaplan A, Sadock S. synopsis of psychiatry, behavioral sciences psychiatry. 10nd ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2007.p: 254-67.
12. Vinik BH. Psychiatric mental health aspects In: William R, Mutran E, Kity K. Clinical aspects of aging. Baltimore: Lippincott Company 2005. P: 929–1010.
13. Dennis S, Kenedy R. Techniques for managing stress. Psychosom Med 2000; 112(10): 415-20.
14. Jalali Farahani M. Leisure Management and leisure sports. Tehran: University Press; 2010. P.130-190 [In Persian]
15. Tokarski W. Sport of the elderly. German sport university cologne; 2004.
16. Mansor M. The Organization for Researching and Composing University Textbooks in the Humanities (SAMT); 2006. [In Persian]
17. Brian L, Myshara R, Raydl j. Psychology of Aging [H Ganji. A Davoodian. F Habibi, trans[.  Iran. tehran. Ettelaat publications; 1987.
18. Guszkowska M. [Effects of exercise on anxiety, depression and mood]. Psychiatria polska 2003; 38(4):611-20.
19. Calfas KJ, Taylor WC. Effects of physical activity on psychological variables in adolescents Pediatric exercise science 1994; 6(4):334-360.
20. Ommundsen Y. Can sport and physical activity promote young peoples’ psychosocial health? Nor Lægeforen 2000; 120(29):3573-3577.
21. Cowper PA, Morey MC, Bearon LB, Sullivan RJ, Di Pasquale RC, Crowley GM, et al. Impact of supervised exercise on the psychological well- being and health status of older veterans. Journal of applied gerontology 1991; 10(4):469-485.
22. Wyckoff W. The psychological effects of exercise on non- clinical and clinical populations of adult women: a critical review of the literature. Occupational therapy in mental health 1993; 12(3):69-106.
23. Stanhope M, Lancaster J. Foundations of nursing in the community: Community-oriented practice: Mosby/Elsevier; 2010.
24. Salehi J, Soleil Ziaee S. A comparative study of anxiety, stress and depression in physically abused and non-abused Iranian wives. IJPBS 2009;3(2):15-25. [In Persian]
25. Moradipanah F. The effect of music on anxiety stress and mild depression patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. [Dissertation]. Tehran: Tarbiyat Modarres University; 2005. [In Persian]
26. Joakar B, Samani S. Reliability and validity of the short form of depression, anxiety and stress. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities of Shiraz University 2008; 55:65-77. [In Persian]
27. Hassmén P, Koivula N, Uutelaa. Physical exercise and psychological well-being: a population study in Finland. Preventive medicine 2000; 30(1):17-25.‏
28. De Moor M, Beem A, Stubbe J, Boomsma D, De Geus E. Regular exercise, anxiety, depression and personality: a population-based study. Preventive medicine 2006; 42(4):273-9.
29. Ross CE, Hayes D. Exercise and psychologic well-being in the community. American Journal of Epidemiology 1988; 127(4):762-71.