بررسی مروری مداخلات تکلیف مدار در کاردرمانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه کاردرمانی، عضو هیأت علمی، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکترای کاردرمانی، گروه کاردرمانی، دانشکده توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد کاردرمانی، گروه کاردرمانی، دانشکده توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
درمان تکلیف­مدار، آموزش یا درمانی است که بیماران تکالیف حرکتی را در بافتار محیطی تمرین می­کنند و فیدبک دریافت می­کنند. رویکرد تکلیف مدار کاردرمانی از مدل سیستم­های رفتار حرکتی پدیدار شد و در سال 1995 توسط ترومبلی در مدل­های کاردرمانی مبتنی بر آکوپیشن و مراجع محور مورد بحث قرار گرفت. این رویکرد یکی از رویکردهای جدید کاردرمانی است که مورد غفلت درمانگران قرار می­گیرد. لذا در مطالعه حاضر اثربخشی این رویکرد در اختلالات مختلف جهت استفاده درمانگران و همچنین نیازسنجی مطالعات آتی مورد بررسی قرار می­گیرد.
مواد و روش ها
با استفاده از کلیدواژه­های Task-Oriented، Occupational Therapy، Intervention در بانک­های اطلاعاتی Scopus، Proquest، Scholar Google، PubMed،  Science Directجست­وجو شد و مقالات چاپ شده در بازه زمانی سال­های 1995 تا 2016 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. از میان مقالات یافت شده، مقالاتی که معیارهای ورود را داشتند انتخاب و سایر مقالات کنار گذاشته شد.
نتیجه گیری
در جستجوی اولیه 49 مقاله به دست آمد. بر اساس معیارهای ورود، 22 پژوهش جهت نگارش مقاله حاضر مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. بررسی­ها نشان داد رویکرد تکلیف مدار روی بهبود عملکرد کاری در فعالیت­های روزمره زندگی، کیفیت زندگی، کارکرد حرکات اندام فوقانی، سطح استقلال در مراقبت از خود، ثبات پوسچرال و تحرک افراد نقش دارد. نتایج حاصله از مرور مطالعات نشان داد که رویکرد تکلیف مدار به عنوان یکی از تکنیک‌های اثربخش توانبخشی در بهبود حرکات اندام فوقانی بیماران سکته مغزی، ضایعه نخاعی و فلج مغزی هم چنین در بهبود تعادل و تحرک بیماران سکته مغزی، ام‌اس فلج مغزی و بهبود عملکرد کاری بیماران سکته مغزی و دمانس موثر است

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Review of Task-Oriented Interventions in Occupational Therapy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Ali Hosseini 1
  • Narges Ghamari 2
  • Zahra Hayati zadeh 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Academic Member, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aim: Task-oriented treatment is a training or treatment that patients can practice movement tasks in an environmental context and receive feedback. The Occupational Therapy (OT) Task-Oriented Approach emerges from a system model of motor behavior and was discussed in 1995 by Trombly in OT models that are occupation based and client centered. I
t is one of the new approaches in OT which has been neglected by therapists. Thus, in the present review article, the effectiveness of this approach in various disorders was checked to help therapists and also provide the grounds for needs analysis in the future studies.
Methods: In the present study, keywords including Task oriented, occupational therapy, and intervention were searched in Scopus, Proquest, ScholarGoogle, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. Articles published between 1995-2016 were examined. From among the papers obtained, those meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and other articles were excluded.
Results: From a total of 48 articles, 21 most relevant studies were selected for a full review. The results revealed that task-oriented approach improved occupational performance in activities of daily living, functional movements of the upper extremity, level of independence in self-care, postural stability, and mobility of people involved.
Conclusion: The review of the studies showed that task-oriented approach to rehabilitation is one of the effective techniques in improving movements of upper extremity in stroke, SCI, CP, as well as balance and mobility in stroke, MS, CP, and occupational performance in stroke and dementia.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Task-oriented approach
  • occupational therapy
  • Intervention
  • Occupational performance
  1. Bayona NA, Bitensky J, Salter K, Teasell R. The role of task-specific training in rehabilitation therapies. Topics in stroke rehabilitation. 2005;12[3]:58-65.##
  2. Bass-Haugen J, Mathiowetz V, Flinn N. Optimizing motor behavior using the occupational therapy task-oriented approach. Occupational therapy for physical dysfunction. 2002;6:598-617. ##
  3. Radomski MV, Latham CAT. Occupational therapy for physical dysfunction: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008. ##
  4. Cole MB, Tufano R. Applied theories in occupational therapy: A practical approach: Slack Incorporated; 2008. ##
  5. Jacobs K. Quick Reference Dictionary for Occupational Therapy, 4E. 2003. ##
  6. Harvey RL, Macko RF, Stein J, Zorowitz RD, Macko R, Stein J. Stroke recovery and rehabilitation: Demos Medical Publishing; 2008. ##
  7. Pedretti LW, Early MB. Occupational therapy: Practice skills for physical dysfunction: Mosby St. Louis, MO; 2001. ##
  8. Baer J. The effects of task‐specific divergent‐thinking training. The Journal of Creative Behavior. 1996;30[3]:183-7. ##
  9. Wevers L, van de Port I, Vermue M, Mead G, Kwakkel G. Effects of Task-Oriented Circuit Class Training on Walking Competency After Stroke A Systematic Review. Stroke. 2009;40[7]:2450-9. ##
  10. Higgins J, Salbach NM, Wood-Dauphinee S, Richards CL, Côté R, MayoNE. The effect of a task-oriented intervention on arm function in people with stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical rehabilitation. 2006;20[4]:296-310. ##
  11. Kumar C, Kataria S. Mandal AK, Mokashi SP. Effect of Occupational Therapy Task Oriented Approach on Recovery of Upper-Extremity Motor Function and Activities of Daily Living In Stroke Patients. Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2009;41(2(.##
  12. Almhdawi K. Effects of Occupational Therapy Task-Oriented Approach in Upper Extremity Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: University Of Minnesota; 2011. ##
  13. Flinn N. A task-oriented approach to the treatment of a client with hemiplegia. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 1995. ##
  14. Gillen G. Improving activities of daily living performance in an adult with ataxia. AmericanJournal of Occupational Therapy. 2000;54[1]:89-96. ##
  15. Preissner K. Use of the Occupational Therapy Task-Oriented Approach to optimize the motor performance of a client with cognitive limitations. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2010;64[5]:727-34. ##
  16. Carolee J. Winstein. Therapeutics; task-oriented rehab program does not result in greater recovery from stroke. . 2016-02-18. ##
  17. Bosch J, O’Donnell MJ, Barreca S, Thabane L, Wishart L. Does Task-Oriented Practice Improve Upper Extremity Motor Recovery after Stroke? A Systematic Review. ISRN Stroke. 2014;2014. ##
  18. Azad A, Edalatkhah M, TaghizadehGH G. Effect of intensive task-oriented balance practice on functional balance and mobility in chronic stroke patients. Modern Rehabilitation. 2013;7. ##
  19. Kalantary M, Karimi E, Shafiee Z, Tabatabaiee SM, et al. The effects of simultaneous use of task-oriented training and constraint-induced movement therapy on upper limb motor performance in hemiplegic adult patients. Journalof Research in Rehabilitation Sciences. 2013;9[2]:253-65. ##
  20. Paik Y-R, Kim S-K, Lee J-S, Jeon B-J. Simple and Task-oriented Mirror Therapy for Upper Extremity Function in Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study. Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2014;24. ##
  21. Shafiee z, Ghahari M, Hosseini MA, Rezaee M, Rassafiani M. Localization of occupational therapy clinical practice guideline to improve the upper extremity function in patients with stroke: an integrative review and expert panel. J Rehab Med. 2015; 4(3): 166-180. ##
  22. Schneiberg S, Mckinley PA, Sveistrup H, Gisel E, Mayo NE, Levin MF. The effectiveness of task‐oriented intervention and trunk restraint on upper limb movement quality in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology.:2010,e245-e53. ##
  23. Kumar C, Kataria S. Effectiveness of Task Oriented Circuit Training on Functional Mobility and Balance in Cerebral Palsy. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy-An International Journal. 2013;7(4):23-8. ##
  24. Jongmans MJ, Linthorst-Bakker E, Westenberg Y, Smits-Engelsman BC. Use of a task-oriented self-instruction method to support children in primary school with poor handwriting quality and speed. Human movement science. 2003;22[4]. ##
  25. Weintraub N, Yinon M, Hirsch IB-E, Parush S. Effectiveness of sensorimotor and task-oriented handwriting intervention in elementary school-aged students with handwriting difficulties. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health. 2009;29[3]:125-3. ##
  26. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. The effects of a'home-based'task-oriented exercise programme on motor and balance performance in children with spastic cerebral palsy and severe traumatic brain injury. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2009. ##
  27. Gillen G. Improving mobility and community access in an adult with ataxia. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2002;56[4]:462-6. ##
  28. Straudi S, Martinuzzi C, Pavarelli C, Charabati AS, Benedetti MG, Foti C, et al. A task-oriented circuit training in multiple sclerosis: a feasibility study. BMC neurology. 2014;14[1]:124. ##
  29. Spooren A, Janssen-Potten Y, Kerckhofs E, Bongers H, Seelen H. Evaluation of a task-oriented client-centered upper extremity skilled performance training module in persons with tetraplegia. Spinal cord. 2011;49[10]:1049-54. ##
  30. Ciro CA, Hershey LA, Garrison D. Enhanced task-oriented training in a person with dementia with Lewy bodies. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2013;67[5]:556-63. ##
  31. Hayatizadeh Z, Hosseini SA ,Ghamari. NInvestigation of influences of task oriented therapeutic program in peoples with flexor Tendon injury in Zone II.2016. ##
  32. Leroux A, Pinet H, Nadeau S. Task-oriented intervention in chronic stroke: changes in clinical and laboratory measures of balance and mobility. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation. 2006;85[10]:820-30. ##
  33. Nobahar Ahari M, Nejati V, Hosseini SA. Attentional Demands of balance under Dual Task conditions in young adults. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal. 2012;10[2]:66-71. ##
  34. Hubbard IJ, Parsons MW, Neilson C, Carey LM. Task‐specific training: evidence for and translation to clinical practice. Occupational therapy international. 2009;16[3‐4]:175-89. ##
  35. van de Port IG, Wood-Dauphinee S, Lindeman E, Kwakkel G. Effects of exercise training programs on walking competency after stroke: a systematic review. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 2007;86[11]:935-51. ##
  36. Hosseini SA. Effects of Process Oriented Task approach on neglect unilateral hemiplegic children with hemiplegia. seminar new of rehabilitation. 2009.In persian. ##