بررسی مروری مداخلات تکلیف مدار در کاردرمانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه کاردرمانی، عضو هیأت علمی، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکترای کاردرمانی، گروه کاردرمانی، دانشکده توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد کاردرمانی، گروه کاردرمانی، دانشکده توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
درمان تکلیف­مدار، آموزش یا درمانی است که بیماران تکالیف حرکتی را در بافتار محیطی تمرین می­کنند و فیدبک دریافت می­کنند. رویکرد تکلیف مدار کاردرمانی از مدل سیستم­های رفتار حرکتی پدیدار شد و در سال 1995 توسط ترومبلی در مدل­های کاردرمانی مبتنی بر آکوپیشن و مراجع محور مورد بحث قرار گرفت. این رویکرد یکی از رویکردهای جدید کاردرمانی است که مورد غفلت درمانگران قرار می­گیرد. لذا در مطالعه حاضر اثربخشی این رویکرد در اختلالات مختلف جهت استفاده درمانگران و همچنین نیازسنجی مطالعات آتی مورد بررسی قرار می­گیرد.
مواد و روش ها
با استفاده از کلیدواژه­های Task-Oriented، Occupational Therapy، Intervention در بانک­های اطلاعاتی Scopus، Proquest، Scholar Google، PubMed،  Science Directجست­وجو شد و مقالات چاپ شده در بازه زمانی سال­های 1995 تا 2016 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. از میان مقالات یافت شده، مقالاتی که معیارهای ورود را داشتند انتخاب و سایر مقالات کنار گذاشته شد.
نتیجه گیری
در جستجوی اولیه 49 مقاله به دست آمد. بر اساس معیارهای ورود، 22 پژوهش جهت نگارش مقاله حاضر مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. بررسی­ها نشان داد رویکرد تکلیف مدار روی بهبود عملکرد کاری در فعالیت­های روزمره زندگی، کیفیت زندگی، کارکرد حرکات اندام فوقانی، سطح استقلال در مراقبت از خود، ثبات پوسچرال و تحرک افراد نقش دارد. نتایج حاصله از مرور مطالعات نشان داد که رویکرد تکلیف مدار به عنوان یکی از تکنیک‌های اثربخش توانبخشی در بهبود حرکات اندام فوقانی بیماران سکته مغزی، ضایعه نخاعی و فلج مغزی هم چنین در بهبود تعادل و تحرک بیماران سکته مغزی، ام‌اس فلج مغزی و بهبود عملکرد کاری بیماران سکته مغزی و دمانس موثر است

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Review of Task-Oriented Interventions in Occupational Therapy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Ali Hosseini 1
  • Narges Ghamari 2
  • Zahra Hayati zadeh 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Academic Member, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aim: Task-oriented treatment is a training or treatment that patients can practice movement tasks in an environmental context and receive feedback. The Occupational Therapy (OT) Task-Oriented Approach emerges from a system model of motor behavior and was discussed in 1995 by Trombly in OT models that are occupation based and client centered. I
t is one of the new approaches in OT which has been neglected by therapists. Thus, in the present review article, the effectiveness of this approach in various disorders was checked to help therapists and also provide the grounds for needs analysis in the future studies.
Methods: In the present study, keywords including Task oriented, occupational therapy, and intervention were searched in Scopus, Proquest, ScholarGoogle, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. Articles published between 1995-2016 were examined. From among the papers obtained, those meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and other articles were excluded.
Results: From a total of 48 articles, 21 most relevant studies were selected for a full review. The results revealed that task-oriented approach improved occupational performance in activities of daily living, functional movements of the upper extremity, level of independence in self-care, postural stability, and mobility of people involved.
Conclusion: The review of the studies showed that task-oriented approach to rehabilitation is one of the effective techniques in improving movements of upper extremity in stroke, SCI, CP, as well as balance and mobility in stroke, MS, CP, and occupational performance in stroke and dementia.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Task-oriented approach
  • occupational therapy
  • Intervention
  • Occupational performance

مراجع

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دوماهنامه علمی - پژوهشی طب توانبخشی
دوره 6، شماره 3
مهر و آبان 1396
صفحه 239-248

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 18 تیر 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 مهر 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 آبان 1395
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 مهر 1396

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