طراحی و بررسی روایی محتوایی برنامه‌ی مداخله‌ی حافظه‌ی کاری در کودکان با اختلال یادگیری خاص

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد کاردرمانی، گروه کاردرمانی، دانشکده علوم توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکده علوم توانبخشی، گروه کاردرمانی، عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

3 پسادکترای روان شناسی و آموزش کودکان استثنایی، گروه روان شناسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
کودکان با اختلال یادگیری خاص متحمل نقص/محدودیت در ظرفیت حافظه‌ی کاری می‌باشند. مداخلات موثرتر در این زمینه نیازمند برنامه‌ی آموزشی مورد تایید متخصصان می‌باشد‌. هدف از مطالعه حاضر طراحی برنامه‌ی آموزش حافظه‌ی کاری برای کودکان با اختلال یادگیری خاص و بررسی روایی محتوای آن می‌باشد.
مواد و روش ­ها
در مطالعه حاضر مراحل کار شامل: 1) انتخاب مدل حافظه‌ی کاری مناسب، 2) تهیه فعالیت‌های مرتبط با حافظه‌ی کاری از منابع مختلف، 3) طبقه‌بندی فعالیت‌ها، 4) تایید فعالیت‌ها توسط 13 نفر از متخصصان در زمینه اختلال یادگیری خاص، 5) بررسی روایی محتوایی برنامه‌ی آموزشی حافظه‌ی کاری و 6) درجه‌بندی فعالیت‌ها می‌باشد. روایی محتوایی با استفاده از CVR اندازه­گیری شد.
یافته­ ها
برنامه‌ی آموزش حافظه‌ی کاری بر اساس مدل بدلی طراحی شده است. به طور کلی این برنامه شامل 14 فعالیت مربوط به حافظه‌ی کاری بینایی-فضایی و 13 فعالیت مربوط به حافظه‌ی کاری کلامی-شنیداری می‌باشد. هر طبقه بر اساس درجه‌ی سختی دارای 4 زیرمجموعه شامل "آسان تا سخت" (7 فعالیت)، "متوسط" (7 فعالیت)، "متوسط تا سخت" (7 فعالیت) و "سخت" (6 فعالیت) می‌باشد. تمامی فعالیت‌ها دارای CVR قابل قبول می‌باشند.
نتیجه­ گیری
برنامه آموزش حافظه­ی کاری می­تواند توسط کاردرمانگران برای کودکان با اختلال یادگیری خاص استفاده شود. تاثیر این برنامه باید بررسی شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Development and Content Validity of Working Memory Training Program (WMTP) in Children with Specific Learning Disorder

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasrin Nazok 1
  • Malahat Akbarfahimi 2
  • Akram Parand 3
1 Master Student of Occupational Therapy, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
2 Associated Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
3 Post Doctorate in Psychology of Exceptional Children, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aims: Children with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) suffer from impairment/limitation in their working memory capacity. More effective interventions require approved training program by experts. The purpose of the present study was to develop a working memory training program (WMTP) for children with SLD and assess their validity by experts.
Materials and Methods: First, a proper working memory model was selected and then working memory-related activities were selected from various sources. Next, the activities were classified and approved by 13 experts in SLD. Later the face and content validities of activities of WMTP were evaluated and the activities were graded. The content validity was assessed using CVR.
Results: The WMTP was designed based on Baddeley model. Overall, this program consists of 14 visuo-spatial working memory and 13 phonological activities with each activity divided into four categories according to the levels of difficulty. Each category consists of easy to hard (no=7), moderate (no=7), moderate to hard (no=7), and hard (no=6) activities. All the activities had acceptable CVR.
Conclusion: According to the results obtained in the present study, the WMTP could be applied by occupational therapists for children with SLD. The efficacy of this program should be assessed in further studies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Content validity
  • Specific learning disorder
  • Working memory
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