شناسایی ریتم فعالیت عضلات کمربند شانهای در پرتاب آهسته و سریع توپ هندبال در افراد با و بدون سندرم درد شانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

2 دانشگاه بوعلی سینا هاستاد، گروه بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران مدان

3 استادیار بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
تحقیقات گذشته نتایج متناقضی را در مورد فعالیت عضلات شانه­ی افراد دارای سندروم گیرافتادگی شانه و در ورزشکاران پرتابی گزارش کرده­اند، هدف از مطالعه حاضر شناسایی ریتم فعالیت عضلات کمربند شانه­ای در پرتاب آهسته و سریع توپ در افراد با و بدون سندرم درد شانه می­باشد.
مواد و روش­ ها
آزمودنی­ها شامل 12 نفر سالم (سن 3±23 سال، وزن 12±64 کیلوگرم) و 12 نفر بیمار (سن 4±27 سال، وزن 14±60 کیلوگرم) بودند. میزان فعالیت عضلات ذوزنقه فوقانی، فوق خاری، دلتوئید میانی، خلفی، قدامی، سینه­ای، پشتی بزرگ و سه سر در پرتاب آهسته و سریع توپ هندبال توسط دستگاه الکترومایوگرافی اندازه­گیری شد. برای مقایسه آماری بین گروهی از آزمون تحلیل واریانس طرح ترکیبی (2*2) در سطح معناداری (05/0> p) استفاده گردید.
یافته­ ها
در مرحله آمادگی پرتاب با سرعت آهسته و سریع، در افراد بیمار، شدت فعالیت عضلات ذوزنقه فوقانی، فوق خاری، و پشتی بزرگ به طور معناداری بیشتر از افراد سالم و در مرحله آمادگی پرتاب سریع شدت فعالیت عضله دلتوئید میانی در افراد بیمار کمتر از افراد سالم بود (p<0.02). در مرحله دو پرتاب آهسته فعالیت عضله ذوزنقه فوقانی در افراد بیمار نسبت به افراد سالم به طور معناداری بیشتر بود. در مرحله دوم پرتاب سریع در افراد بیمار نسبت به افراد سالم فعالیت عضله دلتوئید میانی به طور معناداری کمتر و فعالیت عضلات پشتی بزرگ و ذوزنقه فوقانی بیشتر بود (p<0.05).
نتیجه­ گیری
سندرم درد شانه منجر به تغییر در فعالیت عضلات شانه می­شود. این تغییرات در پرتاب سریع بیشتر است. تحقیق حاضر مشخص نمی­کند که آیا این تغییرات نوعی سازگاری با درد هستند یا ایجادکننده آسیب. با این حال، به نظر می­رسد در شرایط درد شانه، حرکات پرتابی سریع شانه را در معرض ریسک بیشتر قرار می­دهد. پیشنهاد می­شود در مراحل اولیه درمان از تمرینات ایزومتریک و یا با سرعت آهسته استفاده شود. به علاوه به مربیان ورزشی در هدفمند کردن تمرینات گرم کردن ورزشی کمک می­نماید. همچنین تقویت صحیح عضلات به منظور پیشگیری از ابتلا به سندرم درد شانه توصیه می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of the Shoulder Muscle’s Rhythm in Slow and Fast Handball Throwing in Individuals with and without Shoulder Impingement

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Zonnor 1
  • Nader Farahpour 2
  • Amirali Jafarnezhadgero 3
1 MSc in Sport Biomechanics, Department of Sport Biomechanics Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 Full Professor of Sport Biomechanics, Department of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3 Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aims: The previous studies have reported controversial results on the shoulder muscles’ activity of individuals with shoulder impingement. The aim of the present study was to quantify the shoulder muscles’ activity during the cocking and acceleration phases of handball throwing with slow and fast speeds.
Materials and Methods: A total of 12 controls (age: 23±3; weight: 64±12) and 12 patients with shoulder impingement (age: 27±4; weight: 60±13) were studied. The electrical activity of shoulder muscles in the right sides, including upper trapezius, anterior, middle, posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, supraspinatus, and triceps muscles, were measured in both shoulders using an EMG system with surface electrodes. A mixed 2×2 analysis of variance was used at a significant level of p < 0.05.
Results: In cocking phase of the slow and fast throwing, in patients, higher activities of upper trapezius, supraspinatus, and latissimus dorsi muscles were observed, as compared with control group and in cocking phase of fast throwing, middle deltoid activity was lower in patient group (p<0.02). In the acceleration phase of the slow throwing, the activity of upper trapezius muscle was higher in patients compared with control group. However, in the acceleration phase of the fast throwing, in patients, lower activity in middle deltoid and higher activities in latissimus dorsi and trapezius muscles were observed (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Shoulder pain syndrome results in altered shoulder muscle activity. These alterations are greater in fast throwing activity. The current study does not determine whether these changes are because of adaptation to the pain, or are caused by the injury. However, it appears that with pain present, fast throwing movements will put the shoulder in greater risk of injury. It is suggested that isometric or slow movements be used in the shoulder rehabilitation at the early stage of the treatment. Correct muscle enhancement is also recommended to prevent the shoulder pain syndrome.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Shoulder impingement syndrome
  • Electromyography
  • Handball
  • Shoulder joint
  • Muscle activity

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دوماهنامه علمی - پژوهشی طب توانبخشی
دوره 7، شماره 3
مهر و آبان 1397
صفحه 69-78

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 03 تیر 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 21 آبان 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 08 آذر 1396
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 مهر 1397

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