اثر یک جلسه فعالیت تناوبی استقامتی ویژه فوتسال (FIET) بر کارکرد شناختی بازیکنان فوتسال مبتدی (آزمون هایپوفرونتالیتی موقت)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قوچان، گروه تربیت بدنی، قوچان، ایران

3 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
یکی از مهم­ترین ویژگی­های انسان، وجود کارکردهای عالی کرتکس است. روانشناسان و پژوهشگران علوم اعصاب از دیرباز درصدد بررسی کارکردهای شناختی و کارکردهای مغز بوده­اند. بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تغییرات پردازش­های شناختی در حین و پس از فعالیت بدنی تناوبی استقامتی یک جلسه­ای ویژه فوتسال بر اساس نظریه کاهش موقتی فعالیت قشر پیشانی مغز بود.
مواد و روش ­ها
پژوهش حاضر از نوع میدانی و نیمه­تجربی بود. جامعه آماری شامل بازیکنان مبتدی جوان فوتسال شهرستان قوچان بودند که 12 آزمودنی فوتسالیست مبتدی پسر (سن 78/0±16/17 سال، قد 19/4±171 سانتی­متر و وزن 64/6±38/63 کیلوگرم) در این پژوهش شرکت نمودند. متغیرهای مستقل، شدت تمرین و دوره­های زمانی (عامل درون­گروهی) شامل قبل، حین و دقایق 1 و 15 پس از توقف فعالیت تناوبی استقامتی یک جلسه­ای بود. متغیر وابسته نیز شامل میانگین نمرات تداخل محرک کلمه و رنگ توسط نرم­افزار آزمون استروپ بود. نتایج با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس با اندازه­های تکراری و نرم­افزار SPSS20 تجزیه و تحلیل شد.
یافته­ ها
یافته­ها نشان داد که تفاوت­های معناداری در تداخل شناختی آزمون استروپ بین زمان قبل از شروع آزمون با کارکرد شناختی زمان خستگی ناشی از آزمون تناوبی استقامتی و همچنین بین کارکرد شناختی زمان­های 1 و 15 دقیقه استراحت بعد از پایان آزمون با کارکرد شناختی ناشی از خستگی وجود دارد (0/05=P).
نتیجه­ گیری
بر طبق یافته­ها، به نظر می‌رسد کاهش موقتی فعالیت قشر پیشانی مغز در حین فعالیت بدنی تناوبی استقامتی فوتسال در شدت­های بالا روی می­دهد؛ لذا به مربیان فوتسال توصیه می­شود تا جهت افزایش ظرفیت­های شناختی و روانی افراد در تمرینات خود از تمرین­های خاص تصمیم­گیری و پردازش اطلاعات نیز بهره گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of One Session of Specific-Futsal Intermittent Endurance Test on Cognitive Function of Beginner Futsal Players

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Samadi 1
  • Ali Akbar Jahandideh 2
  • Amir Dana 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
2 Islamic Azad University, Quchan Branch, Physical Education Department, Quchan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Department of Physical Education, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aims: One of the most important features of humans is the existence of excellent cortex functions. Psychologists and researchers in the field of neuroscience have long sought to investigate the cognitive functions of brain. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate changes in cognitive processes during and after one session of specific futsal intermittent endurance test based on transient hypofrontality thesis.
Materials and Methods: The current study was a field study following a semi experimental design. The statistical population consisted of young futsal players in Quchan city. A total of 12 male beginner futsal players (age: 17.16±.78 years old, height: 171±4.19 cm, and weight: 63.38±6.64 kg) participated in the study. Independent variables were intensity of exercise and time periods (intra-group factor) included before, during, and 1 and 15 minutes after stopping one session of intermittent endurance activity. The dependent variable included the mean of interference scores of word and color stimulus via the stroop test software. The results were analyzed using repeated measures of ANOVA and SPSS (version 20) software.
Results: The results showed that there were significant differences in cognitive interference by stroop test between the time before the start of the test and cognitive function of the fatigue time due to the intermittent endurance test as well as the cognitive function of 1 and 15 minutes of rest after the end of the test and cognitive function due to fatigue (P = 0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that transient hypofrontality during physical activity of the futsal intermittent endurance occurs at high intensities. Therefore, it is recommended that futsal coaches use specific decision-making and information processing training to increase their cognitive and psychological capacities in their exercises.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Futsal Intermittent Endurance Test
  • Cognitive function
  • Stroop test
1. Eskandarnejad M, Ashayeri H, Rezaei F. Investigate the Effect of Aerobic Activity with and without Cognitive Load on Alerting Network of Attention. Motor Behavior. 2017; 9(27): 173-88. [In Persian]. ##
2. Siavashi H. The effect of exercise exercises on motor and cognitive abilities of children with Down syndrome. Exceptional Education. 2015; 1(15): 57-66. [In Persian]. ##
3. Johnson L, Addamo PK, Selva Raj I, Borkoles E, Wyckelsma V, Cyarto E, Polman RC. An acute bout of exercise improves the cognitive performance of older adults. Journal of aging and physical activity. 2016; 24(4): 591-8. ##
4. Lambourne K, Tomporowski P. The effect of exercise-induced arousal on cognitive task performance: a meta-regression analysis. Brain research. 2010; 1341: 12-24. ##
5. Lambourne K, Audiffren M, Tomporowski PD. Effects of acute exercise on sensory and executive processing tasks. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010; 42(7): 1396-402. ##
6. Dietrich A. Functional neuroanatomy of altered states of consciousness: The transient hypofrontality hypothesis. Consciousness and cognition. 2003; 12(2): 231-56. ##
7. Davranche K, Audiffren M. Facilitating effects of exercise on information processing. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2004; 22(5): 419-28. ##
8. Audiffren M, Tomporowski PD, Zagrodnik J. Acute aerobic exercise and information processing: energizing motor processes during a choice reaction time task. Acta Psychologica. 2008; 129(3): 410-9. ##
9. Hogervorst E, Riedel W, Jeukendrup A, Jolles J. Cognitive performance after strenuous physical exercise. Perceptual and motor skills. 1996; 83(2): 479-88. ##
10. Pesce C, Capranica L, Tessitore A, Figura F. Focusing of visual attention under submaximal physical load. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2003; 1(3): 275-92. ##
11. Dietrich A, Sparling PB. Endurance exercise selectively impairs prefrontal-dependent cognition. Brain and cognition. 2004; 55(3): 516-24. ##
12. Del Giorno JM, Hall EE, O’Leary KC, Bixby WR, Miller PC. Cognitive function during acute exercise: a test of the transient hypofrontality theory. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2010; 32(3): 312-23. ##
13. Beglari M, Maleki M. Ghaeeni S. The effect of acute aerobic exercise mode on response inhibition in Athletics. Motor Behavior. Winter 2015; 6(18): 85-102. [In Persian]. ##
14. Smith M, Tallis J, Miller A, Clarke ND, Guimarães-Ferreira L, Duncan MJ. The effect of exercise intensity on cognitive performance during short duration treadmill running. Journal of human kinetics. 2016; 51(1): 27-35. ##
15. Samuel RD, Zavdy O, Levav M, Reuveny R, Katz U, Dubnov-Raz G. The Effects of Maximal Intensity Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Children. Journal of human kinetics. 2017; 57(1): 85-96. ##
16. Dietrich A. The transient hypofrontality theory and its implications for emotion and cognition. Exercise and cognitive function. 2009: 69-90. ##
17. Alves CR, Tessaro VH, Teixeira LA, Murakava K, Roschel H, Gualano B, Takito MY. Influence of acute high-intensity aerobic interval exercise bout on selective attention and short-term memory tasks. Perceptual and motor skills. 2014; 118(1): 63-72. ##
18. Hung C , Tseng J, Chao H, Hung T and Wang H.Effect of Acute Exercise Mode on Serum Brain- Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Task Switching Performance. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2018; 7, 301: 1-12. ##
19. Benzing V, Chang YK & Schmidt M. Acute Physical Activity Enhances Executive Functions in Children with ADHD. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8: 1-10. ##
20. Maleki M, Bahram A, Farrokhi A, Rajabi H, Yaryari F. Effect of different intensities of aerobic physical exercise on performance of visual choice reaction time and Stroop test. Quarterly Research in psychological health, 201; 5(2): 1-12. [In Persian]. ##
21. McMorris T, Graydon J. The effect of exercise on cognitive performance in soccer-specific tests. Journal of sports sciences. 1997; 15(5): 459-68. ##
22. Royal KA, Farrow D, Mujika I, Halson SL, Pyne D, Abernethy B. The effects of fatigue on decision making and shooting skill performance in water polo players. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2006; 24(8): 807-15. ##
23. Casanova F, Oliveira J, Williams M, Garganta J. Expertise and perceptual-cognitive performance in soccer: a review. Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto. 2009; 9(1): 115-22. ##
24. Rashidi Rostami L, Kayhani F, Peshabadi A. The effect of high intensity training on cognitive and psycho-motor functions of beginner and skilled football players. Journal of research on motor behavior. 2003; 1: 48-39. [In Persian]. ##
25. Easterbrook JA. The effect of emotion on cue utilization and the organization of behavior. Psychological review. 1959; 66(3): 183. ##
26. Jahanideh AA, Shariatzadeh M, Neghibi S, Sajjadi SM. The relationship between Fujitsu's endurance periodic fitness test (FIET) and aerobic fitness, and the ability to replicate fast in young futsalists. Second International Science and Soccer Congress. National Iranian Football Academy; 2003. [In Persian]. ##
27. Coetsee C and Terblanche E. The effect of three different exercise training modalities on cognitive and physical function in a healthy older population. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act. 2017; 14:1- 13##
28. Shibuya KI, Tanaka J, Kuboyama N, Ogaki T. Cerebral oxygenation during intermittent supramaximal exercise. Respiratory physiology & neurobiology. 2004; 140(2): 165-72. ##
29. Ceylan H, Saygin O. Acute effect of various exercise intensities on cognitive performance. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science. 2018; 4(2): 157-171. ##
30. Tomporowski PD. Effects of acute bouts of exercise on cognition. Acta psychologica. 2003; 112(3): 297-324. ##
31. Johnson L, Addamo PK, Raj IS, Borkoles E, Wyckelsma V, Cyarto E & Polman RCJ. An acute bout of exercise improves the cognitive performance of older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity. 2016; 24(4): 591-598. ##
32. Palmiere S. Acute Effect of Resistance Exercise on Vascular and Cognitive Function. A Capstone Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Renée Crown University Honors Program at Syracuse University, 2016. ##