الگوی راه‌رفتن بر اساس سینرژی عضلانی با رویکرد ارزیابی، تشخیص و بازتوانی: مروری سیستماتیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 گروه بیومکانیک و آسیب شناسی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه بیومکانیک و آسیب شناسی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
به منظور اجرای فعالیت‌هایی از قبیل راه‌رفتن مفاصل و عضلات توسط سیستم عصبی به صورت هماهنگ به کار گرفته می‌شوند. همچنین به هنگام اجرای حرکات، تغییرات محیطی نیز افزوده می‌شود که سبب پیچیدگی بیشتر کنترل حرکت و عدم درک الگویی جامع می‌گردد. از این رو، سینرژی عضلانی تلاش دارد کنترل حرکاتی از قبیل راه‌رفتن را به گونه ای تشریح کند که بتوان یافته‌های آن را مانند یک الگو به تمامی شرایط مشابه تعمیم داد. لذا هدف مطالعه حاضر، مروری بر پژوهش‌های انجام شده در خصوص الگوی راه‌رفتن از منظر سینرژی عضلانی با رویکرد ارزیابی، تشخیص و بازتوانی بود.
مواد و روش ها
جستجوی مقالات مرتبط در بانک‌های اطلاعاتی مانند Science Direct، Pubmed، Springer، Elsevier، SID و Google Scholar  بر اساس معیارهای تحقیق، تعداد 13 مقاله از بین 136 مقاله انتخاب شد.
یافته ها
یافته‌ها نشان داد CNS با ساده‌سازی حرکت، اجرای آن را تسهیل می کند بدین منظور CNS برای اجرای راه‌رفتن به 5 ماژول نیاز دارد این الگو به حدی پایدار است که حتی تفاوتی بین جوان و سالمند و یا در سرعت‌های مختلف وجود ندارد و تنها الگوی زمانی به دلیل تغییرات نیازهای بیومکانیکی اندکی شیفت پیدا می‌کند اما در شرایط پاتولوژی، هم تعداد ماژول‌ها و هم الگوی زمانی آن‌ها تغییر می‌کند.
نتیجه گیری
با توجه به نتایج تحقیقات انجام‌شده، به نظر می‌رسد الگوی پایه سینرژی در راه رفتن در شرایط مختلف پایدار می باشد و بر اساس این پایداری و ثبات، می‌توان از آن به منظور ارزیابی الگوی حرکتی راه‌رفتن در افراد سالم و بیمار در هر دو بازتوانی و تشخیص استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Gait Pattern based on Muscle Synergy Using Assessment, Diagnosis, and Rehabilitation Approach: A Systematic Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Nabavinik 1
  • Heydar Sadeghi 2
1 Department of Sport Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Sport Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aims: The nervous system uses muscles and joints in order to perform activities in a coordinated manner, such as walking. Environmental changes are also added while executing the movement, which cause more complexities in movement control and misunderstanding of a comprehensive model. Hence, muscle synergy attempts to explain movements such as walking in such a way that it can generalize its findings as a pattern to all the same conditions. The purpose of the present study was to review the research on walking patterns from the point of view of muscle synergy using the evaluation, diagnosis, and rehabilitation approach.
Materials and Methods: From among 136 articles, 13 were selected from databases, incuding Science Direct, Pubmed, Springer, Elsevier, SID, and Google Scholar, based on research criteria.
Results: The results showed that CNS facilitates its implementation by simplifying the movement. To this end, CNS needs 5 modules to walking. The pattern is so stable that even there is no difference between the young and the elderly or at different speeds. Only there is a slight shift in the time pattern due to changes in biomechanical needs, but in pathology conditions, there are some changes both in the number of modules and their time pattern.
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present research, it seems that the basic pattern of synergy is stable in walking under different conditions so that it can be used to assess the motor pattern in healthy individuals and patients in both rehabilitation and diagnosis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gait
  • Muscle Synergy
  • Pattern

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دوماهنامه علمی - پژوهشی طب توانبخشی
دوره 8، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 1
فروردین 1398
صفحه 237-249

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 19 شهریور 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 دی 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 22 اسفند 1397
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 فروردین 1398

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