تاثیر تحریک الکتریکی جریان مستقیم بر حافظه ی کاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 کمیته پژوهشی دانشجویان، دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد شنوایی شناسی، دانشکده علوم توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه شنوایی شناسی، دانشکده علوم توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 کارشناس ارشد آمار زیستی، گروه علوم پایه، دانشکده علوم توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

4 استاد گروه فیزیوتراپی، دانشکده علوم توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
حافظه­ی کاری کارکردی شناختی است که مسئول حفظ اطلاعات آنی، دستکاری و استفاده از آنها در فرآیند تفکر می­باشد. حافظه­ی کاری نیز مانند سایر توانایی­های شناختی می­تواند در اثر عوامل مختلفی از قبیل بیماری­ها، آسیب­های روانی و پیری دچار ضعف عملکرد و اختلال شود؛ از این رو تلاش به منظور یافتن روش­هایی برای جبران این ضعف­ها بسیار حائز اهمیت است. در میان نوین­ترین روش­های پیشنهادشده، تحریک الکتریکی جریان مستقیم از طریق جمجمه جایگاه ویژه­ای دارد. هدف مطالعه حاضر مرور اثرات تحریک الکتریکی جریان مستقیم آندی بر حافظه­ی کاری در افراد سالم می­باشد.
مواد و روش ­ها
در مطالعه­ی حاضر، مقالات مختلف در زمینه­ی تاثیر تحریک الکتریکی جریان مستقیم بر حافظه­ی کاری در پایگاه­های اطلاعاتی Scopus ,PubMed Science Direct و Web of Knowledge در فاصله­ی سال­های 2000 تا 2018 میلادی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. جست­و­جو در پایگاه­های فوق با استفاده از کلیدواژه­های"Working Memory","Healthy People","Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex" و"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation" انجام شد. از میان 70 مقاله­ی یافت­شده، 36 مقاله با در نظر گرفتن معیارهای ورود و خروج انتخاب شد و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت که از میان آن مقالات، 14 مقاله اختصاصاً در ارتباط با موضوع پژوهش بود و جزییات آنها استخراج گردید.
یافته ­ها
نتایج به دست آمده از اکثر مطالعات حاکی از آن است که تحریک الکتریکی آندی می­تواند به صورت قابل توجهی باعث بهبود عملکرد حافظه­ی کاری شود. هم­چنین تحریک الکتریکی در حالتی که همراه با تکالیف شناختی باشد در مقایسه با زمانی که تحریک الکتریکی به تنهایی ارائه می­شود، بیش­تر تاثیرگذار است.
نتیجه­ گیری
تحریک الکتریکی جریان مستقیم با تعدیل فعالیت­های الکتریکی در بخش خلفی جانبی قشر پیش پیشانی می­تواند منجر به بهبود عملکردهای شناختی و به ویژه حافظه­ی کاری در افراد سالم شود. با این وجود نیاز به انجام مطالعات بیش­تر در این حوزه به خصوص بر روی افراد سالمند که توانایی­های شناختی آنان با افزایش سن کاهش می­یابد، هم­چنان وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Working Memory

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahand Nazeri 1
  • Ali Mohammadzadeh 2
  • Seyed Mehdi Tabatabaee 3
  • Asghar RezaSoltani 4
1 Student Research Committee, MSc Student in Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 MSc in Biostatistics, Basic Sciences Department, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aims:Working memory as a cognitive performance is responsible for keeping transient information and manipulating and using them in thinking process. Working memory, like other cognitive abilities, can be impaired due to various factors such as diseases, psychological disorders, and aging. Therefore, it is very important to find ways to compensate these weaknesses. Transcranial direct current stimulation, among the most recent proposed methods, seems to be a promising method. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory in healthy individuals.
Materials and Methods: Literature was searched for the studies investigating the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Knowledge databases from among the papers published between 2000-2018 using the following keywords: "Working memory", "Healthy people", "Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex", and "Transcranial direct current stimulation". Out of the 70 papers obtained, 36 articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among those articles, 14 were specifically related to the subject of the present research and thus were further examined.
Results: The results reported in most of the studies indicated that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation can significantly improve the performance of working memory. Also, the electrical stimulation, together with cognitive tasks, is more effective as compared with single electrical stimulation.
Conclusion: Transcranial direct current stimulation can improve cognitive performances, especially working memory in healthy people, by modulating the electrical activities in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. However, further studies are required, especially on the elderly population whose cognitive abilities are diminished with age.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Transcranial direct current stimulation
  • Working memory
  • Prefrontal cortex
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