مقایسه طیف فرکانس نیروهای عکس العمل زمین طی دویدن در کودکان دارای عارضه سربه جلو و همسالان سالم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بیومکانیک ورزشی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
آسیب­ های مرتبط با دویدن علت­ های مختلفی را دارا هستند. هدف از مطالعه حاضر، بررسی طیف فرکانس نیروهای عکس­العمل زمین در کودکان دارای عارضه سربه­جلو و همسالان سالم آن­ها طی فاز استقرار دویدن می­باشد.
مواد و روش­ ها
28 کودک پسر به ترتیب در دو گروه سالم (تعداد=16 نفر) و سربه­جلو (تعداد=12 نفر) قرار گرفتند. دو سیستم صفحه نیرو کیستلر (نرخ نمونه­برداری: 1000 هرتز) جهت ثبت نیروهای عکس­العمل زمین طی دویدن با پای برهنه استفاده شد. از آزمون آماری t مستقل جهت تحلیل آماری استفاده شد. سطح معناداری برابر 05/0 بود.
یافته ­ها
نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که سرعت دویدن در کودکان دارای عارضه سربه­جلو در مقایسه با گروه کنترل کمتر می­باشد (001/0>P). تعداد هارمونی­های لازم برای رسیدن به 95 درصد انرژی سیگنال در مولفه­ی نیروی عکس­العمل زمین در پای غالب در گروه سالم نسبت به گروه سربه­جلو بزرگتر بود (001/0=P؛ اندازه اثر متوسط). محتوای فرکانس با توان 5/99 درصد تعداد هارمونی­ های ضروری مولفه­ی گشتاور آزاد در پای غالب در گروه سربه­جلو بیشتر بود (005/0=P؛ اندازه اثر بزرگ). سایر مولفه­های طیف فرکانس نیروی عکس­العمل زمین طی دویدن تفاوت معناداری را بین دو گروه نشان نداد (05/0<P).
نتیجه­ گیری
با توجه به پایین بودن سرعت دویدن در کودکان دارای عارضه­ی سربه­جلو، میزان فرکانس پایین نشان­دهنده نوسان کمتر مرکز ثقل می­باشد. این تغییر سرعت و فرکانس پایین هنگام دویدن، نشان­دهنده کاهش کارایی مکانیکی کودکان دارای عارضه سربه­جلو است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Frequency Spectrum of Running Ground Reaction Forces in Children with Forward Head Posture and Healthy Controls

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amiali Jaafarnejad 1
  • Hamed Sheikhalizade 2
  • Milad Alipour Sari-Nasirloo 3
1 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 MSc Student of Sport Biomechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 MSc Student of Sport Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aims: Running related injuries have different causes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the frequency spectrum of ground reaction forces during stance phase of running in children with forward head posture and healthy controls.
Materials and Methods: A total of 28 male children were divided into two groups of healthy controls (n=16) and forward head posture (n=12). Two Kistler force platforms (sampling rate: 1000 Hz) were used to record the ground reaction forces during barefoot running. Independent sample t-test was used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results: Findings indicated that running speed in children with forward head was lower than that in the control group (P<0.001). The number of essential harmonics to reach 95% of total energy of the vertical ground reaction force signal in dominant limb in the healthy group was greater than that of forward head group (medium effect size; P=0.001). The frequency content with 99.5% power of the number of essential harmonics of free moment in the forward head group was greater than that of the control group (large effect size; P=0.005). Other components of running ground reaction force frequency content were not statistically different between the two groups (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: Due to lower walking speed in children with forward head posture, lower frequency content indicated lower center of gravity sway. Also, these lower walking velocity and frequency content demonstrated lower mechanical efficiency in children with forward head posture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forward head؛ Running
  • Ground reaction force؛ Frequency content

مراجع

1.   Pearce PL. Australian music and Aussie team sports: how the experience economy and the score interact.  Music Business and the Experience Economy: Springer; 2013. p. 175-88.##
2.   Fejer R, Kyvik KO, Hartvigsen J. The prevalence of neck pain in the world population: a systematic critical review of the literature. European spine journal. 2006;15(6):834-48. ##
3.   Côté P, Cassidy JD, Carroll L. The factors associated with neck pain and its related disability in the Saskatchewan population. Spine. 2000;25(9):1109-17. ##
4.   Bovim G, Schrader H, Sand T. Neck pain in the general population. Spine. 1994;19(12):1307-9. ##
5.   Davatchi F. Rheumatic diseases in the APLAR region. APLAR Journal of Rheumatology. 2006;9(1):5-10. ##
6.   Moghimi N, Davatchi F, Rahimi E, Saidi A, Rashadmanesh N, Moghimi S, et al. WHO-ILAR COPCORD study (stage 1, urban study) in Sanandaj, Iran. Clinical rheumatology. 2015;34(3):535-43. ##
7.   Davatchi F, Banihashemi AT, Gholami J, Faezi ST, Forouzanfar MH, Salesi M, et al. The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in a rural area in Iran: a WHO-ILAR COPCORD study (stage 1, rural study) in Iran. Clinical rheumatology. 2009;28(11):1267-74. ##
8.   Yip CHT, Chiu TTW, Poon ATK. The relationship between head posture and severity and disability of patients with neck pain. Manual therapy. 2008;13(2):148-54. ##
9.   Grimmer K. An investigation of poor cervical resting posture. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 1997;43(1):7-16. ##
10. Silva AG, Punt TD, Sharples P, Vilas-Boas JP, Johnson MI. Head posture and neck pain of chronic nontraumatic origin: a comparison between patients and pain-free persons. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2009;90(4):669-74. ##
11. Nigg BM. Biomechanics of sport shoes: University of Calgary; 2010. ##
12. McGrath D, Judkins TN, Pipinos II, Johanning JM, Myers SA. Peripheral arterial disease affects the frequency response of ground reaction forces during walking. Clinical Biomechanics. 2012;27(10):1058-63. ##
13. Wurdeman SR, Huisinga JM, Filipi M, Stergiou N. Multiple sclerosis affects the frequency content in the vertical ground reaction forces during walking. Clinical biomechanics. 2011;26(2):207-12. ##
14. Stergiou N. Innovative analyses of human movement: Human Kinetics Publishers; 2004. ##
15. Crowe A, Schiereck P, De Boer R, Keessen W. Characterization of human gait by means of body center of mass oscillations derived from ground reaction forces. IEEE Transactions on biomedical engineering. 1995;42(3):293-303. ##
16. Giakas G, Baltzopoulos V. Optimal digital filtering requires a different cut-off frequency strategy for the determination of the higher derivatives. Journal of biomechanics. 1997;30(8):851-5. ##
17. Giakas G, Baltzopoulos V, Dangerfield PH, Dorgan JC, Dalmira S. Comparison of gait patterns between healthy and scoliotic patients using time and frequency domain analysis of ground reaction forces. Spine. 1996;21(19):2235-42. ##
18. Stergiou N, Giakas G, Byrne JE, Pomeroy V. Frequency domain characteristics of ground reaction forces during walking of young and elderly females. Clinical Biomechanics. 2002;17(8):615-7. ##
19. White R, Agouris I, Selbie R, Kirkpatrick M. The variability of force platform data in normal and cerebral palsy gait. Clinical biomechanics. 1999;14(3):185-92. ##
20. Shorten MR, Winslow DS. Spectral analysis of impact shock during running. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics. 1992;8(4):288-304. ##
21. Potthast W, Brüggemann G-P, Lundberg A, Arndt A. The influences of impact interface, muscle activity, and knee angle on impact forces and tibial and femoral accelerations occurring after external impacts. Journal of applied biomechanics. 2010;26(1):1-9. ##
22. Nigg B, Wakeling J. Impact forces and muscle tuning: a new paradigm. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. 2001;29(1):37-41. ##
23. von Tscharner V. Intensity analysis in time-frequency space of surface myoelectric signals by wavelets of specified resolution. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2000;10(6):433-45. ##
24. Enders H, von Tscharner V, Nigg BM. Analysis of damped tissue vibrations in time-frequency space: A wavelet-based approach. Journal of biomechanics. 2012;45(16):2855-9. ##
25. Gillespie KA, Dickey JP. Determination of the effectiveness of materials in attenuating high frequency shock during gait using filterbank analysis. Clinical Biomechanics. 2003;18(1):50-9. ##
26. Verdini F, Leo T, Fioretti S, Benedetti M, Catani F, Giannini S. Analysis of ground reaction forces by means of wavelet transform. Clinical Biomechanics. 2000;15(8):607-10. ##
27. Giakas G, Baltzopoulos V, Dangerfield P. Comparison of gait patterns between healthy and scoliotic patients using time and frequency domain analysis of ground reaction forces. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. 1997;17(2):274. ##
28. Stergiou N. Innovative Analysis of Human Movement.‖ Human Kinetics. Leeds, UK. 2004. ##
29. White R, Agouris I, Fletcher E. Harmonic analysis of force platform data in normal and cerebral palsy gait. Clinical Biomechanics. 2005;20(5):508-16. ##
30. Schneider E, Chao E. Fourier analysis of ground reaction forces in normals and patients with knee joint disease. Journal of biomechanics. 1983;16(8):591-601. ##
31. Salahzadeh Z, Maroufi N, Ahmadi A, Behtash H, Razmjoo A, Gohari M, et al. Assessment of forward head posture in females: observational and photogrammetry methods. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. 2014;27(2):131-9. ##
32. Van Niekerk S-M, Louw Q, Vaughan C, Grimmer-Somers K, Schreve K. Photographic measurement of upper-body sitting posture of high school students: a reliability and validity study. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2008;9(1):113. ##
33. Pamukoff DN, Lewek MD, Blackburn JT. Greater vertical loading rate in obese compared to normal weight young adults. Clinical Biomechanics. 2016;33:61-5. ##
34. Willwacher S, Goetze I, Fischer KM, Brüggemann G-P. The free moment in running and its relation to joint loading and injury risk. Footwear Science. 2016;8(1):1-11. ##
35. White LJ, Dressendorfer RH. Exercise and multiple sclerosis. Sports medicine. 2004;34(15):1077-100. ##
36. Wu J, Beerse M, Ajisafe T. Frequency domain analysis of ground reaction force in preadolescents with and without Down syndrome. Research in developmental disabilities. 2014;35(6):1244-51. ##
دوماهنامه علمی - پژوهشی طب توانبخشی
دوره 9، شماره 1
فروردین 1399
صفحه 37-48

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 18 دی 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 خرداد 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 خرداد 1398
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 فروردین 1399

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار