تأثیر شش هفته تمرینات چابکی بر حداکثر نیروهای عکس العمل زمین، حس عمقی زانو، تعادل و عملکرد تکواندوکاران نونهال لیگ استان البرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد حرکات اصلاحی و آسیب شناسی ورزشی، دانشگاه رجاء قزوین، ایران

2 استادیار، گرو تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
شیوع آسیب­ های ورزشی در ورزش ­های رزمی بالا است. بیشترین آسیب­های تکواندو نیز در ناحیه اندام تحتانی رخ می­دهد. یافته‌های علمی از شیوع بالای آسیب‌های لیگامانی در زانوی ورزشکاران رشته‌های رزمی خبر می‌دهند. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی تأثیر شش هفته تمرینات چابکی بر حداکثر نیروهای عکس­العمل زمین، حس عمقی زانو، تعادل و عملکرد تکواندوکاران نونهال لیگ استان البرز است.
مواد و روش ­ها
در کل 30 آزمودنی (15 نفر در هر دو گروه تمرینی و کنترل) (سن 63/2±47/13 سال، وزن 56/5±92/45 کیلوگرم و قد 72/4±56/155 سانتی­متر)، به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب و به‌صورت تصادفی بین گروه‌ها تقسیم شدند. از فرم رضایت‌نامه و جمع‌آوری اطلاعات فردی جهت بررسی پیشینه آزمودنی‌ها و رضایت از شرکت در تحقیق، از فورس پلیت برای ارزیابی حداکثر نیروهای عکس­العمل زمین در مفصل زانو، آزمون‌های عملکردی جهش تک‌پا و جهش سه‌گانه تک‌پا برای سنجش عملکرد حرکتی، گونیامتر یونیورسال جهت اندازه‌گیری حس عمقی مفصل زانو و آزمون تعادلی Y برای ارزیابی تعادل پویای آزمودنی‌ها استفاده شد. پس از گروه‌بندی، پیش‌آزمون جهت اندازه‌گیری متغیرهای مورد نظر تحقیق اجرا شد. سپس، برنامه‌ی تمرینات چابکی (دارای چهار سطح و بر مبنای حرکات عملکردی) به مدت شش هفته بر روی آزمودنی‌های گروه تجربی اعمال و سپس پس‌آزمون، با رویه یکسان با پیش‌آزمون اجرا شد.
یافته ­ها
یافته‌ها نشان داد که انجام شش هفته برنامه‌ی تمرینی ارائه‌شده احتمالاً موجب کاهش حداکثر نیروهای عکس­العمل زمین در زانو (00/0P=) (حدود 4% کاهش) و بهبود تعادل پویا در جهت خلفی-داخلی (02/0P=) (حدود 20% بهبود) و حس عمقی افراد (00/0P=) (حدود 55% کاهش خطا) شرکت‌کننده در تحقیق حاضر در گروه تمرین نسبت به گروه کنترل می‌شود.
نتیجه­ گیری
نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که تأثیر تمرینات چابکی بر فاکتورهای ذکرشده در بالا، معنادار بوده است. بر این اساس، این تمرینات می­تواند به‌عنوان روش تمرینی ایمن و مؤثر در بهبود این عوامل در تکواندوکاران، مورد توجه قرار گیرد. همچنین این تمرینات احتمالاً با تأثیرات مثبت خود بر عوامل بالا می‌تواند موجب بهبود عوامل دیگر شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Six Weeks of Agility Exercises on Maximum Ground Reaction Force, Knee Proprioception, Balance, and Performance in Taekwondo Athletes of Alborz Province League

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad reza Javadi 1
  • Hadi Miri 2
  • Amir Letafatkar 3
1 MSc in Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Raja, Qazvin, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Amirkabir, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Biomechanic and Sport Injury, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aims: Martial arts have the highest prevalence rate of sport injuries. Most injuries in Taekwondo occur in lower extremities.
Scientific findings have reported a high prevalence of ligamentous injuries in the athletes’ knee joint in martial arts. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of six weeks of agility exercises on maximum ground reaction force of the knee, knee proprioception, as well as balance and performance in Taekwondo athletes of Alborz Province.
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 athletes (Age: 13.47±2.63 years, weight: 45.92±5.56 kg, and height: 155.56±4.72 cm) were selected and randomly assigned into two groups (15 in each group). A voluntary consent was obtained and a demographic information form was used to collected the demographic information Force plate was used to assess the kinetic variable (maximum ground reaction force). Single hop and triple hop functional tests were used to determine the functional performance. Also, universal goniometer was used to measure the proprioception of the knee and Y balance test was used for evaluating the dynamic balance. After group allocations, pre-test was conducted to measure the research variables. After pre-test, the agility exercises program (having four stages and based on jumping movements) was applied in the experimental group for six weeks. Subsequently, the post test was performed to measure the variables of the research, with a procedure similar to the pre-test.
Results: It was found that participating in six weeks of the interventions may result in decreased maximum ground reaction force of the knee (P=0.00) (approximately 4% reduction), improved knee proprioception (P=0.00) (approximately 55% error reduction), and dynamic balance (poterolateral) (P=0.02) (approximately 20% improvement) in the experimental group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: The results of the current study indicated that the effects of agility exercises on the mentioned factors was significant. Therefore, the interventions can be considered as a safe and effective method for improving mentioned factors in Taekwondo athletes. Also, these exercises with their positive effects on the mentioned factors may improve other contributing factors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Functional performance
  • Agility exercises
  • dynamic balance
  • proprioception
  • maximum ground reaction force

مراجع

1. SahebozamaniM, BeyranvandR. A review of injury assessment in Iranian martial artists: Systematic review. SJRM. 2016; 5(2): 235-248. [In Persian]##
2. Dennis JC, Harmer P, Schiff M. Epidemiology of injury in Olympic Sports. An IOC Medical Commission Publication by Blackwell Publishing Ltd, City of Hoboken, the state of New Jersey, 2010. ##
3. Nagano Y, H Ida, Akai M, Fukubayashi T. Gender differences in knee kinematics and muscle activity during single limb droP landing. The Knee, 2007; 14(3): 218-223. ##
4. Hootman JM, Dick R, Agel J. EPidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sPorts: summary and recommendations for injury Prevention initiatives. Journal of Athletic Training, 2007; 42(2): 311-319. ##
5. Griffin LY, Albohm MJ, Arendt EA, Bahr R, Beynnon BD, DeMaio M. Understanding and preventing noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries. The American Journal of SPorts Medicine, 2006; 34(9): 1512. ##
6. Gustavsson A, Neeter C, Thomeé P, Grävare Silbernagel K, Augustsson J, Thomeé R, Karlsson J. A test battery for evaluating hop performance in patients with an ACL injury and patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2006; 14: 778-88. ##
7. Cooper MT, Kaeding C. ComParison of the hospital cost of autograft versus allograft soft tissue anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. ArthroscoPy, 2010; 26(11):1478-82##
8. Genuario JW, Faucett SC, Boublik M, Schlegel TF. A cost-effectiveness analysis comParing 3 anterior cruciate ligament graft tyPes: bone-Patellar tendon-bone autograft, hamstring autograft, and allograft. Am J SPorts Med, 2011; 40(2):307-14. ##
9. Olsen, O. E. Myklebust, G. Engebretsen, L. Bahr, R. Injury pattern in youth team handball: A comparison of two prospective registration methods. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2006; 16:426-432.
10. Comfort P, Abrahamson E. Sports Rehabilitation and Injury Prevention. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2010: 4-7. ##
11. Mohammadi H, Daneshmandi H, Alizadeh MH, Shamsimajelan A. The Effect of ACL Intervention Programs on the Improvement of Neuromuscular Deficiencies and Reducing the Incidence of ACL Injury: A Review Article. J Rehab Med, 2015; 4(2): 159-169. [In Persian] ##
12. Padua DA, Marshall SW. Evidence supporting ACL-injury prevention exercise programs: a review of the literature. Athletic Therapy Today, 2006; 11:11-23. ##
13. Robert W, Aron J, Mark L. The effect of plyometric training on distance running performance. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2003; 89: 1-7##
14. Mohammadi H,  Daneshmandi H,  Alizadeh MH,  Shamsimajlan A. Screening tests for neuromuscular defects affecting non-contact ACL injury- A review article. SJKU. 2015; 20(2): 85-105. [In Persian] ##
15. Barendrecht, M. Lezeman, H. C. A. Duysens, J. Smits-Engelsman, B, C, M.. Neuromuscular training improves knee kinematics, in particular in valgus aligned adolescent team handball players of both sexes. J Strength Cond Res. 2011; 25(3):575-584. ##
16. Hayley R, Trojian, T., Martinez, J., Kraemer, W., DiStefano, L.J., Landing technique and performance in youth athletes after a single injury-prevention program session. Journal of athletic training, 2015; 50(11): 1149-1157. ##
17. Yu, B., Lin, C.F., Garrett, W.E., Lower extremity biomechanics during the landing of a stop-jump task. Journal Clinical Biomechanics, 2006; 21(3): 297-305. ##
18. Sadeghi, H., Hakim, M. N., Hamid, T. A., Amri, S. B., Razeghi, M., Farazdaghi, M., &Shakoor, E. (2017). The effect of exergaming on knee proprioception in older men: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 2017; 69: 144-150. [In Persian] ##
19. Panics, G., Tallay, A., Pavlik, A., &Berkes, I. Effect of proprioception training on knee joint position sense in female team handball players. British journal of sports medicine. 2008; 42(6), 472-47##
20. Padua, D.A. and DiStefano, L.J., Sagittal plane knee biomechanics and vertical ground reaction forces are modified following ACL injury prevention programs: A systematic review. Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 2009; 1(2): 165-173. ##
21. Boden, B.P.,  Dean, G.S., Feagin, J.A., Garrett, W.E., Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Journal of Orthopedics, 2000; 23(6): 573-578. ##
22. Beynnon, B.D. and Fleming, B.C., Anterior cruciate ligament strain in-vivo: a review of previous work. Journal of biomechanics, 1998; 31(6): 519-525. ##
23. Brophy, R.H., Schmitz, L., Wright, R.W., Dunn, W.R., Parker, R.D., Andrish, J.T., et al, Return to play and future ACL injury risk after ACL reconstruction in soccer athletes from the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) group. The American journal of sports medicine, 2012; 40(11): 2517-2522##
24. Aguilar, A.J., DiStefano, D.J., Brown, C.N., Herman, D.C., Guskiewicz, K.M., Padua, D.A., A dynamic warm-up model increases quadriceps strength and hamstring flexibility. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2012; 26(4): 1130-1141. ##
25. Zois, J., Bishop, D.J., Ball, K., Aughey, R.J., High-intensity warm-ups elicit superior performance to a current soccer warm-up routine. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 2011; 14(6): 522-528. ##
26. DiStefano, L.J., Padua, D.A., Blackburn, J.T., Garrett, W.E., Guskiewicz, K.M., Marshall, S.W., Integrated injury prevention program improves balance and vertical jump height in children. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2010; 24(2): 332-342. ##
27. Thomas, K., French, D., and Hayes, P.R., The effect of two plyometric training techniques on muscular power and agility in youth soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2009; 23(1): 332-335. ##
28. Yamaguchi, T., and Ishii, K., Effects of static stretching for 30 seconds and dynamic stretching on leg extension power. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2005; 19(3): 677-683. ##
29. Griffin, L.Y., Albohm, M.J., Arendt, E.A., Bahr, R., Beynnon, B.D., DeMaio, M., et al, Understanding and preventing noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries a review of the Hunt Valley II meeting, January 2005. The American journal of sports medicine, 2006; 34(9): 1512-1532. ##
30. Yu, B., Lin, C.F., Garrett, W.E., Lower extremity biomechanics during the landing of a stop-jump task. Journal Clinical Biomechanics, 2006; 21(3): 297-305. ##
31. Soligard, T., Nilstad, A., Steffen, K., Myklebust, G., Holme, I., Dvorak, J., et al., Compliance with a comprehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuries in youth football. British journal of sports medicine, 2010; 44(11): 787-793. ##
32. Markolf, K.L., Burchfield, D.M., Shapiro, M.M., Shepard, M.F., Finerman, G.A.M., Slauter beck, J.L., Combined knee loading states that generate high anterior cruciate ligament forces. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 1995; 13(6): 930-935. ##
33. Brophy, R.H., Schmitz, L., Wright, R.W., Dunn, W.R., Parker, R.D., Andrish, J.T., et al, Return to play and future ACL injury risk after ACL reconstruction in soccer athletes from the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) group. The American journal of sports medicine, 2012; 40(11): 2517-2522. ##
34. MCMaster WC, Liddle S, Waugh TR. Laboratory evaluation of various cold therapy modalities. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1978; 6: 291-294. ##
35. Sadeghi, H., Hakim, M. N., Hamid, T. A., Amri, S. B., Razeghi, M., Farazdaghi, M., &Shakoor, E. The effect of exergaming on knee proprioception in older men: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. 2017; 69: 144-150. [In Persian] ##
36. Panics, G., Tallay, A., Pavlik, A., &Berkes, I. (2008). Effect of proprioception training on knee joint position sense in female team handball players. British journal of sports medicine. 2008; 42(6): 472-47##
37. Borges, J. H., Conceição, M. S., Vechin, F. C., Pascoal, E. H. F., Silva, R. P., & Borin, J. P. The effects of resisted sprint vs. plyometric training on sprint performance and repeated sprint ability during the final weeks of the youth soccer season. Science & Sports. 2016; 31(4): 101-105##
38. Verma, C., Subramanium, L., & Krishnan, V. Effect of plyometric training on vertical jump height in high school basketball players: A randomised control trial. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences. 2015; 4(1): 7-12.‏ ##
39. Rahnama, N., Nazarian, A B., Batavani, M R., Batavani, M. Incidence and Mechanism of Acute Injuries in Iranian Professional Men Taekwondo Competitors in 2008 Super LeagueResearch in bioscience and physical activity. 2015; 2(3): 55-62.‏ ##
40. Gheidi, N., & Sadeghi, H. ACL injury prevention programs due to intrinsic and modifiable risk factors in female Athletes. J Rehab Med. 2014; 3(3): 89-108 ##
41. Saki F. Relationship between Functional Movement Screen scores and Selected Physical Fitness Factors in Boy Taekwondo Athletes. Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology. 2018; 13(26): 249-260. ##
42. Poorkiani, M., Letafatkar, A., Hadadnejad, M., & Shojaedin, S. Effectivness of eight weeks progressive jump-landing exercises on performance and dynamic balance of young footballers at risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. J Rehab Med. J Rehab Med. 2018; 7(3): 59-68. ##
43. Zareii, M., & Johari, K. The effect of “FIFA +11 kids” injury prevention program on isokinetic strength of the knee extensor and flexor muscles in young children football players. Journal of research in sport rehabilitation. 2018; 3(5): 19-27. ##
44. Ghasemi paeendehi, V., Shojaeddin, S, Ebrahimi-Tekamejani, E, Letafatkar, A., & Eslami, M.. The Effects of 8 Weeks of FIFA11+ Warm-Up Program on Timing and Electromyography Activity of Knee Muscles to Prevent the ACL Injury. Journal of sport medicine. 2017; 8(2): 175-195.‏ [In Persian] ##
45. Fekri, N, Zarei, M, Mohammadi, F. The Effect of 8 Weeks Core Stability Training on Ground Reaction Force among Male Parkour Athletes. Sport Medicine Studies. Fall & Winter 2018; 8 (22): 53-66. [Persian]
46. Kheiroddin, F, Minoo Nejad, H, Alizadeh, M.H. Effects of the Modified 11+ Warm up Program on Lower Extremity Injuries Prevention among Young Male Footballers. Sport Medicine Studies. Spring & Summer 2017; 9 (21): 29-42. [In Persian] ##
47. Khosravi kaviz, M, Rahnama, N, Sahebalzamani M. The Effect of Eight Weeks of Training with Balance Board on Neuromuscular Variables of Karate Girls` Ankle. Journal of Paramedical science and rehabilitation. 2017; 3(6): 27-37.‏ [Persian]
48. Asgari, M., & Alizade, M., & Shahrbanian, S The effect of “FIFA +11” warm up program on injury prevention, agility and dribbling speed in young male football players. Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology. 2018; 14(27): 209-222. ##
49. Inklaar H. Soccer injuries. Sports medicine. 1994;18(1):55-73. ##
50. Ekstrand J, Gillquist J, Liljedahl S-O. Prevention of soccer injuries: supervision by doctor and physiotherapist. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1983;11(3):116-20. ##
51. Östenberg A, Roos H. Injury risk factors in female European football. A prospective study of 123 players during one season. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2000;10(5):279-85. ##
52. Hägglund M, Waldén M, Ekstrand J. Previous injury as a risk factor for injury in elite football: a prospective study over two consecutive seasons. British journal of sports medicine. 2006;40(9):767-72. ##
53. Arnason A, Sigurdsson SB, Gudmundsson A, Holme I, Engebretsen L, Bahr R. Risk factors for injuries in football. The American journal of sports medicine. 2004;32:5-16. ##
54. Park D S,&Lee G C. Validity and reliability of balance assessment software using the Nintendo Wii balance board:usability and validation. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2014; 11: 99-103. ##
55. Richie J. Functional instability of the ankle and the role of neuromuscular. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery. 2001; 40(4): 251-240. ##
دوماهنامه علمی - پژوهشی طب توانبخشی
دوره 9، شماره 1
فروردین 1399
صفحه 74-87

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 06 شهریور 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 14 بهمن 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 06 اردیبهشت 1398
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 فروردین 1399

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار