نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترای یادگیری حرکتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد خوراسگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
3 استاد مشاور دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and Aims: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders and psychological problems in children referred to psychiatric clinics. The purpose of the present study was to address the effect of attentional games, cognitive rehabilitation, and mixed practice on attention and cognitive functions of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with pre-test and post-test design. To this purpose, 40 children aged 9-12 years old with attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder were selected and randomly assigned into four groups of Cognitive Rehabilitation training, attentional games, mixed practice, and control. In the pre-test, each participant performed the tests for working memory (N-Back test), sustained attention (continuous performance test), and executive functions (London Tower test). Participants practiced for 16 sessions (each session for 60 minutes), according to their grouping Test on working memory, attention, and cognitive functions. After the last training session, participants performed the post-test which included the re-run of the tests for working memory (N-Back test), attention (continuous performance test), and executive functions (London Tower test).
Results: The findings showed that in the variable of executive functions, working memory and attention, the mixed group approximately outperformed the two other experimental groups in all subtests (p <0.05), but the other groups did not differ significantly (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Mixed group in almost all subscales led to improved working memory, attention, and executive functions of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. These results were interpreted according to the usage of profits of two other practice conditions during mixed practice.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
10. Narimani M, Soleimani S. The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on executive functions (working memory and attention) and academic achievement of students with math learning disorder. Journal of learning disabilities. 2013; 2 (3): 115-91. [In Persian]. ##
11. Saheban F, Amiri SH, Kajbaf M, Abedi A. [Effect of short-term training, executive function; reduce symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity in elementary school male students in the city.] New J Cogn Sci. 2010; 12: 52-8. [In Persian]. ##
12. Faraone SV, Spencer T, Aleardi M, et al. Metaanalysis of the efficacy of methylphenidate for treating adult attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. J ClinPsychopharmacol. 2004; 24(1): 24-9. ##
13. Boot WR, Kramer AF, Simons DJ, Fabiani M, Gratton G. The effects of video game playing on attention, memory, and executive control, ActaPsychologica. 2008; 129(3): 387–398. ##
14. Huron D. Sweet Anticipation. Music and the Psychology of Spectation. Cambridge: MIT Press; 2007. 462 p. ##
15. Kesler SR, Lacayo NJ, Jo B. A pilot study of an online cognitive rehabilitation program for executive function skills in children with cancer-related brain injury, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University. 2011; 25(1): 101-12 PMCID: PMC3050575. ##
16. Chi Ho, Y., & Chun, M. (2003). Training improves verbal but not visual memory: Cross-sectional and longitudinal explorations in children. Cheung Neuropsychology, 17, 439-450Collier, G., & Logan, G. (2000). Modality differences in shortterm memory for rhythms. Memory and Cognition, 28, 529-538. ##
17. Gregory, D. (2002). Music listening for maintaining of older adults with cognitive impairments. Journal of Music Therapy, 39, 244-264. ##
18. ghamari H, Narimani M, Mahmoud H. The effectiveness of the software to promote understanding of response inhibition and working memory, executive function of children with dyslexia and attention deficit. Hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Learning Disabilities. 2011; 1 (2): 57-41. [In Persian]. ##
19. Milton H. Effects Of A Computerized Working Memory Training Program On Attention, Working Memory, And Academics, In Adolescents With Severe ADHD/LD, psychology journal. 2010; 1(14): 120 – 122. ##
20. MusaviShoshtari M, Malekpour M, Abedi A, Abedi A. The Effectiveness of Early Intervention Based on Attention-Based Games on the Attention of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Impulsivity. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2011; Volume 3 (11): pp. 17-27. [In Persian]. ##
21. Shah Ghalyan M, Azad Fallah P, FathiAshtiani A, Khodadadi M. Wisconsin Card Classification Testing Software (WCST) Software Design: Theoretical Foundations, Construction Methods and Psychometric Properties. Quarterly Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2011; 4 (1): 1390. [In Persian]. ##
22. Behzadi E, Mashkati Z, Nazakat al-Husseini M, JafariGh. The effect of a local native game on cognitive functioning in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sports Psychology Journal. 1394; (13): 1049-1061. [In Persian]. ##
23. Sarli, A., Shahbazi, M., & Sarli, A. (2013). Effect of practice of auditory computer based task on sustained attention of children with ADHD disorder. Journal of Behavioral Research, 6(11) . [In Persian]. ##
24. Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B. & Loring, D. W. (Eds.). (2004). Neuropsychological Assessment(4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ##
25. Takeuchi, A, Ogino, T, Hanafosa, k, Morooka, T, Oka, M, Yourifuji, T, Ohtsuka, Y. (2013). Inhibitory Function and Working Memory in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Pervasive Developmental Disorders:Does a Continuous Cognitive Gradient Explain ADHD and PDD Traits? ActaMedica Okayama. Vol 69, No. 5, p,: 293- 303. ##
26. Soleimani, F, Yaryari, F, Abdollahi, M.H (2016), the effect of a computer training games to improvement attention's problems in Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and children without deficit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926. ##
27. Shuai, L, Daley, D, Wang, Y.F., Zhang, J.S, Kong, Y.T, Tan, X, J.i.N (2017), Executive Function Training for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Chinese Medical Journal, March 5, 130, 5. ##
28. Robinson, A, Simpson, C.H, B.L (2017), The Effects of Child-Centered Play Therapy on the Behavioral Performance of Three First Grade Students with ADHD, Hott. (2017). International Journal of Play, 26, 2, 73–83. ##
29. Strand, M.T, Hawk, L.W, Bubnik, M, Shiels, K, Pelham, W.E, Waxmonsky, J.G (2013), Improving Working Memory in Children with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: The Separate and Combined Effects of Incentives and Stimulant Medication. Published in final edited form as: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2012 October, 40(7), 1193–1207. ##
30. Mattfeld, A.T, Gabrieli, S.W, Biederman, J, Spencer, T, Brown, A, Fried, R, Gabrieli, J.D.E (2016), Dissociation of working memory impairments and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the brain .NeuroImage: Clinical 10, 274–282. ##
31. Robinson, A, Simpson, C.H, B.L (2017), The Effects of Child-Centered Play Therapy on the Behavioral Performance of Three First Grade Students with ADHD, Hott. (2017). International Journal of Play, 26, 2, 73–83. ##
32. Mueller, A, Hong, D, Shepard, S, Moore, T (2017), Linking ADHD to the Neural Circuitry of Attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 21, 6. ##
33. Silva, A.P, Prado, S.S, Scardovelli, T.A, Boschi, S. R.M.S, Campos, L.C, Frère, A.F (2015), Measurement of the Effect of Physical Exercise on the Concentration of Individuals with ADHD. Plos One | DOI: 10.1371/journal. ##
)