اثر تمرینات منتخب فال‌پروف بر تعادل ایستا و پویای سالمندان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آسیب‌شناسی ورزشی و حرکات اصلاحی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 استاد گروه آسیب شناسی ورزشی و حرکات اصلاحی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
اختلال تعادل به‌عنوان اصلی­ترین عامل سقوط در سالمندان شناخته‌ شده است. مهم‌ترین هدف بازتوانی زمانی که سیستم تعادلی دچار ضعف می‌شود، رفع این اختلال است. از این رو درمانگران و متخصصین علوم ورزشی تمرینات ورزشی را برای تسهیل و بهبود وضعیت تعادل به کار می‌گیرند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر هشت هفته برنامه تمرینی منتخب فال­ پروف بر تعادل ایستا و پویای سالمندان می‌باشد.
مواد و روش ­ها
آزمودنی‌ها شامل 24 سالمند 60 تا 74 ساله بودند که به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به­صورت تصادفی در دو گروه قرار گرفتند. گروه تجربی برای 8 هفته تمرینات فال‌پروف را انجام داد. گروه کنترل برنامه تمرینی خاصی نداشت. برای ارزیابی تعادل ایستا و پویا به­ترتیب از آزمون شارپرندرومبرگ (با چشم‌ باز و بسته) و آزمون زمان برخاستن و رفتن استفاده شد. از آزمون  tزوجی برای مقایسه درون­گروهی و از آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس برای مقایسه بین گروهی استفاده شد. تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با استفاده از نسخه 25 نرم‌افزار SPSS در سطح معناداری 0/05 α=انجام شد.
یافته ­ها
نتایج آزمون t زوجی نشان داد که نمرات تعادل ایستا با چشم ‌باز (0/000=P) و بسته (0/001=P) و تعادل پویای (0/001=P) گروه تجربی بعد از برنامه تمرینی بهبود یافته بود، درحالی‌که این نمرات در گروه کنترل بهبودی را نشان نداد. نتایج ازمون تحلیل کوواریانس نشان داد دو گروه تجربی و کنترل بعد از پایان تمرینات در شاخص‌های تعادل ایستا (با چشم باز و بسته) و پویا تفاوت معناداری داشتند.
نتیجه ­گیری
به نظر می­رسد برنامه تمرینی فال­پروف که چندین فاکتور کنترل پاسچر را دربرمی­گیرد، یک روش تمرینی موثر برای بهبود تعادل در سالمندان است؛ بنابراین با توجه به اثربخشی مشاهده­شده در مطالعه حاضر از این تمرینات و نیز عدم نیاز به تجهیزات پرهزینه پیشنهاد می‌شود که برای توانبخشی سالمندان در خانه و به­ویژه در مراکز نگهداری سالمندان استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Selected Fallproof Exercise on Static and Dynamic Balance in the Elderly

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Khazanin 1
  • Hassan Daneshmandi 2
1 MSc Student in Sport Injuries & Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 PhD, Professor, Department of Sport Injuries & Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aims: Balance disorder has been recognized as a leading cause of falls in the elderly. The most important aim of rehabilitation when balance system is weakened is to resolve this disorder. Therefore, sports scientists and therapists utilize exercise trainings to facilitate and improve balance condition. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of selected Fallproof exercises on static and dynamic balance in the elderly.
Materials and Methods: Totally, 24 elderly people, aged 60-74 years, were selected via convenient sampling method and then randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in the FallProof program for eight weeks, while the control group did not participate in any special program. The static and dynamic balances were evaluated using Sharpendromberg (with open and closed eyes) and Timed Up and Go tests, respectively.
Results: The results of Paired t-test showed that the opened-eye static balance scores (P = 0.001) and closed-eye dynamic balance (P 0.001) had improved in the experimental group following the training program, while no significant differences were observed in the control group. The results of one-way covariance analysis showed that the two groups had significant differences in static (opened and closed eye) and dynamic balance indices after training.
Conclusion: It seems that Fallproof training program, which incorporates several components of postural control, is an effective training method in improving balance in the elderly. Therefore, due to its effectiveness and because it does not need costly equipment, the chosen Fallproof training program is recommended to be used as a rehabilitation program for the elderly at home, and especially in nursing homes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fallproof exercise
  • Balance
  • Elderly

مراجع

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دوماهنامه علمی - پژوهشی طب توانبخشی
دوره 9، شماره 3
مهر 1399
صفحه 16-26

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 16 مهر 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 آبان 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 19 آبان 1398
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 مهر 1399

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