اثربخشی برنامه توانبخشی حرفه ای بر امید به زندگی افراد با آسیب نخاعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره توانبخشی، گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 استادیار گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
یکی از مسائلی که مشاوران توانبخشی در ارتباط با افرادی که دچار ناتوانی جسمی و آسیب نخاعی می­ باشند، مطرح می­کنند، مشکلات روانی مانند ناامیدی و به دنبال آن چالش­ های متعددی همچون عدم اشتغال است. توانبخشی شغلی، یکی از ابعاد حیاتی توانبخشی است که با افزایش کارایی و بازگرداندن هرچه بیشتر توانایی و به حداقل رساندن محدودیت­ ها به فرد کمک می­ کند تا ضمن برطرف ساختن نیاز شغلی خود، جنبه­ هایی از ابعاد روانی مانند امید به زندگی را در خود تقویت کند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثربخشی توانبخشی حرفه­ ای بر امید به زندگی در افراد با آسیب نخاعی بود.
مواد و روش­ ها
طرح پژوهش حاضر، مطالعه­ ی مورد منفرد از نوع  A-Bبود. بدین منظور، با استفاده از نمونه­ گیری هدفمند، 5 نفر از افراد با آسیب نخاعی انتخاب شدند و طی هشت جلسه مداخله انفرادی، آموزش برنامه توانبخشی شغلی مبتنی بر نظریه شناختی-اجتماعی را دریافت کردند. ابزار جمع­آوری داده ­ها، سؤالات مربوط به زیرمقیاس امید از پرسشنامه­ ی سرمایه­های روانشناختی لوتانز بود. نتایج با استفاده از تحلیل دیداری، شاخص پایایی تغییر (RCI) و درصد بهبودی (MPI)، مورد تجزیه­ و­تحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافته ­ها
داده­ ها نشان داد که تحلیل دیداری نمودار­ها در مرحله مداخله، شیب صعودی دارد و شاخص پایایی تغییر بزرگتر از 1/96 و درصد بهبودی بالاتر از 50 درصد می­باشد؛ بنابراین، برنامه توانبخشی حرفه­ای بر امید به زندگی افراد با آسیب نخاعی هم از نظر آماری و هم از نظر بالینی معنادار است.
نتیجه ­گیری
از نتایج حاصل از پژوهش حاضر، می­توان چنین نتیجه گرفت که افراد با ضایعه نخاعی به دلیل ضعف­ ها و ناکارآمدی­هایی که در بدن خود احساس می­کنند و نیز فقدان آموزش ­های مناسب در جهت ایجاد و نگهداشت اشتغال دچار بی ­هدفی و ناامیدی می­شوند؛ بنابراین، با استفاده از برنامه توانبخشی حرفه‌ای، می­توان امید به زندگی را افراد با آسیب نخاعی را افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effectiveness of Occupational Rehabilitation Program on the Life Expectancy of People with Spinal Cord Injury

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samira Alsadat Badakhshian 1
  • Fatemeh Samiee 2
1 MA in Rehabilitation Counseling, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aims: One of the issues rehabilitation counselors face is that people with physical disabilities and spinal cord injuries have psychological problems, such as hopelessness, and many other challenges, such as unemployment. Occupational rehabilitation is one of the vital aspects of rehabilitation that helps individuals increase their efficiency and restore their abilities and minimize disabilities, while also addressing aspects of their psychological needs, such as life expectancy in itself. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of occupational rehabilitation on life expectancy in people with spinal cord injuries.
Materials and Method: A single case study of ABA type was used in the current study. For this purpose, using purposeful sampling, five individuals with spinal cord injury were selected and received eight sessions of individual intervention training in Social Cognitive Theory vocational rehabilitation program. Data were collected using the Luthans Psychological Capital Inventory Questionnaire. The results were analyzed making use of visual evaluation, Reliability of Change Index (RCI), and Percentage of Improvement (MPI).
Results: The results of the current study showed that the visual analysis of the graphs in the intervention phase had an ascending slope and the reliability index of change was greater than 1.96 and the recovery rate was higher than 50%. Therefore, occupational rehabilitation program has significant statistical and clinical significance.
Conclusion: Based on our findings, because of weaknesses and inefficiencies they feel in their bodies and due to lack of suitable training for recruitment and keeping their job, people with spinal cord injury face to frustration and hopelessness. Therefore, using a vocational rehabilitation program can increase the life expectancy of these people with spinal cord injury.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Occupational rehabilitation
  • Life expectancy
  • Spinal cord injury
1. Badakhshiyan SS, Samiee F.  Identifying and Analyzing the Effective Factors in Returning Back to Work among the Patients with Spinal Cord Injury; A Qualitative Research. J Res Rehabil Sci. 2018;14((2)): 86-92. [In Persian].##
2. Fleming AR, Del Valle R, Kim M, Leahy MJ. Best practice models of effective vocational rehabilitation service delivery in the public rehabilitation program: A review and synthesis of the empirical literature. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin. 2013;56(3):146-59. ##
3. Snyder CR, Lopez SJ. Handbook of positive psychology: Oxford university press; 2001. ##
4. Snyder CR. Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological inquiry. 2002;13(4):249-75. ##
5. Downman TH. Hope and hopelessness: theory and reality. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2008 Aug 1;101(8):428-30. ##
6. Brazeau H, Davis CG. Hope and psychological health and well-being following spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation psychology. 2018;63(2):258. ##
7. James L. The Effect of Logotherapy on Meaning and Quality of Life of the Elderly in Old Age Homes: Christ University; 2012. ##
8. Terni P. Solution-focus: Bringing positive psychology into the conversation. International Journal of Solution-Focused Practices. 2015;3(1):8-16. ##
9. Terni P. Solution-focus: Bringing positive psychology into the conversation. International Journal of Solution-Focused Practices. 2015;3(1):8-16. ##
10. Snyder C, Lehman KA, Kluck B, Monsson Y. Hope for rehabilitation and vice versa. Rehabilitation psychology. 2006;51(2):89. ##
11. Moghadamfar N, Amraei R, Asadi F, Amani O. The Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Hope and Psychological Well-being in Women with Breast Cancer under Chemotherapy. 2018. ##
12. Alexander L, Cooper K, Mitchell D, MacLean C. Effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation on work participation in adults with musculoskeletal disorders: an umbrella review protocol. JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports. 2017;15(6):1518-21. ##
13. Blake J, Yaghmaian R, Brooks J, Fais C, Chan F. Attachment, hope, and participation: Testing an expanded model of Snyder’s hope theory for prediction of participation for individuals with spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation psychology. 2018;63(2):230. ##
14. Gall MD, Borg WR, Gall JP. Quantitative and qualitative research in educational and psychology sciences. Trans. Nasr AR, Arizi HR, Abolghasemi M, Pakseresht MJ, Kiamanesh AR, Bagheri K, et al. Tehran, Iran: SAMT, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; 2012. [In Persian]. ##
15. Luthans F, Avolio BJ, Avey JB, Norman SM. Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel psychology. 2007;60(3):541-72. ##
16. Bahadorikhosroshahi J HT, Babapourkheirodin J. The relashonship of psychological capital with social capital among students of Tabriz university. Journal Of research & Health. 2012;2:145-53. [In Persian]. ##
17. Avey JB, Luthans F, Youssef CM. The additive value of positive psychological capital in predicting work attitudes and behaviors. Journal of management. 2010;36(2):430-52. ##
18. Lent RW, Brown SD. On conceptualizing and assessing social cognitive constructs in career research: A measurement guide. Journal of career assessment. 2006;14(1):12-35. ##
19. Fisher WW, Kelley ME, Lomas JE. Visual aids and structured criteria for improving visual inspection and interpretation of single‐case designs. Journal of applied behavior analysis. 2003;36(3):387-406. ##
20. Blanchard EB, Schwarz SP. Clinically significant changes in behavioral medicine. Behavioral Assessment. 1988. ##
21. Nabi RL, Myrick JG. Uplifting fear appeals: Considering the role of hope in fear-based persuasive messages. Health communication. 2019;34(4):463-74. ##
22. Neubert DA, Luecking RG, Fabian ES. Transition practices of vocational rehabilitation counselors serving students and youth with disabilities. Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education. 2018;32(1):54-65. ##
23. Eliott JA, Olver IN. Hope and hoping in the talk of dying cancer patients. Social Science & Medicine. 2007;64(1):138-49. ##
24. Lent RW, Ezeofor I, Morrison MA, Penn LT, Ireland GW. Applying the social cognitive model of career self-management to career exploration and decision-making. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2016;93:47-57. ##
25. Smedema SM, Chan JY, Phillips BN. Core self-evaluations and Snyder’s hope theory in persons with spinal cord injuries. Rehabilitation psychology. 2014;59(4):399. ##
26. Lent RW, Ireland GW, Penn LT, Morris TR, Sappington R. Sources of self-efficacy and outcome expectations for career exploration and decision-making: A test of the social cognitive model of career self-management. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2017;99:107-17. ##
27. Yoon HJ, Bailey N, Amundson N, Niles S. The effect of a career development programme based on the Hope-Action Theory: Hope to Work for refugees in British Columbia. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling. 2019;47(1):6-19. ##
28. Raines TC, Talapatra D. College and Career Readiness Consultation for High-Risk Youth: An Introduction. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation. 2019:1-5. ##
29. Bandura A. Self‐efficacy. The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology. 2010:1-3. ##
30. Siu OL, Bakker AB, Jiang X. Psychological capital among university students: Relationships with study engagement and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2014;15(4):979-94. ##