نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه روانشناسی عمومی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه علم و هنر یزد، یزد، ایران.
2 گروه علوم شناختی، پژوهشکده علوم شناختی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and Aims: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity affecting 3-7% of the children and is usually associated with defects in the executive functions. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the cognitive rehabilitation of memory in improving the executive functions of children with ADHD.
Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial with a quasi-experimental design and pre-test and post-test phases. The study population consists of all school students suffering from ADHD in Yazd Iran in 2019. Of these, 30 were selected using a convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. The two groups were matched for age and practical and verbal intelligence. The intervention group received the memory rehabilitation program at 12 sessions each for 30 minutes. Both groups were evaluated at the first and last sessions of the treatment. The behavioral symptoms of the affected children were evaluated by Conners’ Parent Rating Scale. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and mixed-design ANOVA in SPSS v. 19 software.
Results: The cognitive rehabilitation of memory significantly improved the executive functions of children with ADHD (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The cognitive rehabilitation of memory by computerized tasks can improve the executive functions of ADHD children. Therefore, it is recommended that it should be used along with other educational and rehabilitation methods for children with ADHD.
کلیدواژهها [English]
10. Scheres A, Oosterlaan J, Geurts H, Morein-Zamir S, Meiran N, Schut H, Sergeant, JA. "Executive functioning in boys with ADHD: primarily an inhibition deficit?". Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. 2004; 19(4): 569-594. ##
11. Brown TE. "Executive functions and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Implications of two conflicting views". International Journal of Disability, Development and Education. 2006; 53(1): 35-46. ##
12. Sohlberg MM, & Mateer CA. Cognitive rehabilitation: An integrative neuropsychological approach. Guilford Publications 2017. ##
13. Neely AS, Vikstrom S, & Josephsson S. Collaborative memory intervention in dementia: caregiver participation matters. Neuropsychological rehabilitation. 2009; 19(5): 696-715. ##
14. Owen AM, Hampshire A, Grahn JA, Stenton R, Dajani S, Burns AS, & Ballard C. G. Putting brain training to the test. Nature. 2010; 465(7299): 775-778. ##
15. Najarzadegan M, Nejati V, Amiri N, & Sharifian M. Effect of cognitive rehabilitation on executive function (working memory and attention) in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Scientific research paper, rehabilitation therapy. 2015; 4(2): 108-97 [In Persian]. ##
16. Yavari Barhaghtalab E, Asgary P, Naderi F, Heydari A. Effect of Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy on Performance (Memory and Problem Solving) of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, J Rehab Med. 2020; 8(4): 165-176 [In Persian]. ##
17. Maghsudloo M, Nejati V, Fathabadi J. Effectiveness of ARAM cognitive rehabilitation package on improvement of executive function based on behavioral rating in preschool children with ADHD symptoms, Quarterly of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals. 2019; 9(33): 43-23 [In Persian]. ##
18. N.A.N.V, Effectiveness of Motor Based Cognitive Rehabilitation on Improvement of Sustained Attention and Cognitive Flexibility of Children with ADHD . Article 1 . 2018 ; 6(4 ): 1-12 [In Persian]. ##
19. Ashori M, Tajvar-Rostami A. Effects of a memory-based cognitive rehabilitation program on executive functions in students with hearing impairment. J Rehab Med. 2020; 9(1): 226-232 [In Persian]. ##
20. Hoekzema E, Carmona S, Tremols V, Gispert JD, Guitart M, Fauquet J, & Bulbena, A. Enhanced neural activity in frontal and cerebellar circuits after cognitive training in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Human Brain Mapping. 2010; 31(12)L: 1942-1950. ##
21. Tamm L, Epstein JN, Peugh JL, Nakonezny PA, & Hughes CW. Preliminary data suggesting the efficacy of attention training for school-aged children with ADHD. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. 2013; 4: 16-28##
23. Bikic A, Leckman JF, Christensen TØ, Bilenberg N, & Dalsgaard S. Attention and executive functions computer training for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): results from a randomized, controlled trial. European child & adolescent psychiatry. 2018; 1-12. ##
24. Perez-Martin MY, González-Platas M, Eguíadel Rio P, Croissier-Elías C, Jiménez Sosa A. Efficacy of a short cognitive training program in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2017; 13: 245- 252. ##
25. Zare H, Sharifi A. The effect of computerized cognitive rehabilitation on working & prospective memory function in Multiple Sclerosis patients. Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 2017; 5(1): 1-10 [In Persian]. ##
26. Cohen J. A power primer. Psychological bulletin. 1992;112(1):155-59. ##
27. Conners Ck, Sitarenios G, Epstein JN. The revised Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS_R):Factor structure , reliability and criterion validity. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1998; 26 (4): 257-68. ##
28. Zargari nejad GH, yekkeh yazdandoost R. Efficacy of parent's training on problem behaviors in ADHD children. Psychological Studies. 2007; 3(2): 29 – 48 [In Persian]. ##
29. Nejati V. Smart rehabilitation and slow memory. Growth of culture. 2017 [In Persian]. ##
30. Nejati V, Shahidi S, & Helmi S. Enhancement of Executive Functions with Cognitive Rehabilitation in Older Adults. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation. 2017; 10(3):120-7 [In Persian]. ##
31. Maghsudloo M, Nejati V, Fathabadi J. Effectiveness of ARAM cognitive rehabilitation package on improvement of executive function based on behavioral rating in preschool children with ADHD symptoms, Quarterly of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals. 2019; 9(33): 43-23 [In Persian]. ##
32. Aghababaei S, Malekpour M, Abedi A. Effectiveness of Executive Functions Training on Academic Performance of Children with Spelling Learning Disability. Advances in Cognitive Sciences. 2012; 14 (2) :63-72 [In Persian]. ##
33. GhamariGivi H, Narimani M, & Mahmoodi H. The effectiveness of cognition-promoting software on excutive functions response in hibition and working memory of children with dyslexia and attention deficit/hyperactivity. Journal mental health. 2011; 1(2): 98-115 [In Persian]. ##
34. Traverso L, Viterbori P, & Usai MC. Improving executive function in childhood: evaluation of a training intervention for 5-year-old children. Frontiers in psychology. 2015; 6-525. ##
35. Klingberg T, Forssberg H, & Westerberg H. Training of working memory in children with ADHD. Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology.2002; 24(6): 781-791. ##
36. Beck SJ, Hanson CA, Puffenberger SS, Benninger KL, & Benninger WB. A controlled trial of working memory training for children and adolescents with ADHD. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology. 2010; 39(6): 825-836. ##
37. Buonomano DV, Merzenich MM. Cortical plasticity: From synapses to maps. Annu Rev Neurosei. 1998; 21, 149-186. ##
38. Olesen PJ, Westerberg H, & Klingberg, T. Increased prefrontal and parietal brain activity after training of working memory. Nature Neuroscience. 2004. ##
39. Kinsbourne M. Orientation bias model of unilateral neglect: Evidence from attention gradients within hemispace. In L H. Robertson & J. C.Marshall (Eds), unilateral neglect: Clinical and experimental studies. 1993; 63-86. ##
40. Posner MI, Sandson J, Dhawan M, & Shulman GL. Is word recognition automatic? A cognitive-anatomical approach. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.1989; 1(1): 50-60. ##