مقایسه تعادل ایستا و پویا در ورزشکاران مرد آماتور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 1. دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی

2 2. دانشیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
از آنجا که سازگاری­های تمرینی از اصل ویژگی پیروی می­کنند؛ ممکن است تعادل در رشته­های مختلف ورزشی تفاوت داشته باشد. لذا هدف از این مطالعه بررسی ویژگی تعادل بود.
مواد و روش ها
72 دانشجوی مرد شرکت کننده در المپیاد دانشجویان کشور آزمودنی­های این مطالعه را تشکیل دادند. این آزمودنی­ها از رشته­های فوتبال، بسکتبال، کشتی، ژیمناستیک، هنرهای رزمی و وزنه برداری انتخاب شدند. همه آزمودنی­ها در ساعت 14 و به صورت گروه­های ورزشی مختلف در 6 روز متوالی، در محل برگزاری آزمون آماده شدند. پس از 5 دقیقه گرم کردن و انجام حرکات کششی، آزمون­های تعادل ایستا با استفاده از سیستم امتیازدهی خطای تعادل و تعادل پویا به وسیله دستگاه تعادلی وای انجام شد.
یافته ها
نتایج آزمون­های تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه و آزمون توکی نشان داد که از نظر تعادل ایستا رشته ژیمناستیک از همه رشته­ها بهتر بود و پس از ژیمناستیک، ورزشکاران رشته­های ورزشی رزمی، فوتبال، کشتی، وزنه­برداری و بسکتبال، به ترتیب نمرات بهتری را کسب کردند؛ با این وضع، اختلاف بین رشته­های بسکتبال- وزنه­برداری، بسکتبال- کشتی، فوتبال- کشتی، فوتبال- رزمی، وزنه­برداری- کشتی و رزمی- ژیمناستیک معنی­دار نبود و از نظر تعادل پویا به ترتیب رزمی، کشتی، فوتبال، ژیمناستیک، وزنه­برداری و بسکتبال قرار داشتند؛ اگرچه این اختلاف بین گروه­های ورزشی فوتبال- کشتی، فوتبال- رزمی، فوتبال- ژیمناستیک، کشتی- رزمی، کشتی- ژیمناستیک و گنگ فو- ژیمناستیک معنی­دار نبود.
نتیجه گیری
نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد تعادل نیز همانند بسیاری از عملکردهای ورزشی اختصاصی بوده و تابعی از نوع رشته ورزشی می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of static and dynamic balance in amateur male athletes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Foad Feizolahi 1
  • Mohammad-Ali Azarbayjani 2
1 1. Phd Student of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran,
2 2. Exercise Physiology Department, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aim: Since training adaptations follows specificity principle, balance may be different in various sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the balance specificity.
Materials and Methods: The participants were 72 male collegiate that competed in Iranian Students Sport Olympiad. Subjects were selected from football, wrestling, gymnastics, martial arts and weightlifting sports. All subjects were ready for testing at 2 pm in various sports groups in six consecutive days. After 5-minute warm-up and doing stretching exercises, static and dynamic balance tests were done by ‘Balance Error Scoring System’ (SEBT) and ‘Y Balance test’ (YBT), respectively.
Results: The results of one-way ANOVA and Tukey TEST analyses showed that Gymnastics toped the groups in static balance scoring 7.87 ± 3.11, followed by martial arts (10.12 ± 1.62); soccer (14.16 ± 4.79); Wrestling (18.12 ± 6.20); Basketball (19.12 ± 2.34), and Weight lifting (20.25 ± 2.03). The differences between Basketball-Weight lifting; basketball-Wrestling; Soccer-Wrestling; Soccer-martial arts; Weight lifting-Wrestling; and martial arts-Gymnastics were not significant. The same analyses results for the dynamic balance ranked martial arts (352.10 ± 20.82); Wrestling (342.81 ± 15.28); Soccer (338.75 ± 19.55); Gymnastics (333.46 ± 18.45); Weight lifting (309.84 ± 4.89), and basketball (289.27 ± 10.76). The differences between Soccer-Wrestling; Soccer- martial arts; Soccer-Gymnastics; Wrestling- martial arts; Wrestling-Gymnastics, and martial arts-Gymnastics were not significant (α = 0/05).
Conclusion: The present study showed that balance performance similar to lots of other exercise performances is specific to the sport type.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Balance
  • sport specificity
  • neuromuscular adaptation
  • Proprioception
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