مقایسه تعادل ایستا و پویا در ورزشکاران مرد آماتور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 1. دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی

2 2. دانشیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
از آنجا که سازگاری­های تمرینی از اصل ویژگی پیروی می­کنند؛ ممکن است تعادل در رشته­های مختلف ورزشی تفاوت داشته باشد. لذا هدف از این مطالعه بررسی ویژگی تعادل بود.
مواد و روش ها
72 دانشجوی مرد شرکت کننده در المپیاد دانشجویان کشور آزمودنی­های این مطالعه را تشکیل دادند. این آزمودنی­ها از رشته­های فوتبال، بسکتبال، کشتی، ژیمناستیک، هنرهای رزمی و وزنه برداری انتخاب شدند. همه آزمودنی­ها در ساعت 14 و به صورت گروه­های ورزشی مختلف در 6 روز متوالی، در محل برگزاری آزمون آماده شدند. پس از 5 دقیقه گرم کردن و انجام حرکات کششی، آزمون­های تعادل ایستا با استفاده از سیستم امتیازدهی خطای تعادل و تعادل پویا به وسیله دستگاه تعادلی وای انجام شد.
یافته ها
نتایج آزمون­های تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه و آزمون توکی نشان داد که از نظر تعادل ایستا رشته ژیمناستیک از همه رشته­ها بهتر بود و پس از ژیمناستیک، ورزشکاران رشته­های ورزشی رزمی، فوتبال، کشتی، وزنه­برداری و بسکتبال، به ترتیب نمرات بهتری را کسب کردند؛ با این وضع، اختلاف بین رشته­های بسکتبال- وزنه­برداری، بسکتبال- کشتی، فوتبال- کشتی، فوتبال- رزمی، وزنه­برداری- کشتی و رزمی- ژیمناستیک معنی­دار نبود و از نظر تعادل پویا به ترتیب رزمی، کشتی، فوتبال، ژیمناستیک، وزنه­برداری و بسکتبال قرار داشتند؛ اگرچه این اختلاف بین گروه­های ورزشی فوتبال- کشتی، فوتبال- رزمی، فوتبال- ژیمناستیک، کشتی- رزمی، کشتی- ژیمناستیک و گنگ فو- ژیمناستیک معنی­دار نبود.
نتیجه گیری
نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد تعادل نیز همانند بسیاری از عملکردهای ورزشی اختصاصی بوده و تابعی از نوع رشته ورزشی می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of static and dynamic balance in amateur male athletes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Foad Feizolahi 1
  • Mohammad-Ali Azarbayjani 2
1 1. Phd Student of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran,
2 2. Exercise Physiology Department, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aim: Since training adaptations follows specificity principle, balance may be different in various sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the balance specificity.
Materials and Methods: The participants were 72 male collegiate that competed in Iranian Students Sport Olympiad. Subjects were selected from football, wrestling, gymnastics, martial arts and weightlifting sports. All subjects were ready for testing at 2 pm in various sports groups in six consecutive days. After 5-minute warm-up and doing stretching exercises, static and dynamic balance tests were done by ‘Balance Error Scoring System’ (SEBT) and ‘Y Balance test’ (YBT), respectively.
Results: The results of one-way ANOVA and Tukey TEST analyses showed that Gymnastics toped the groups in static balance scoring 7.87 ± 3.11, followed by martial arts (10.12 ± 1.62); soccer (14.16 ± 4.79); Wrestling (18.12 ± 6.20); Basketball (19.12 ± 2.34), and Weight lifting (20.25 ± 2.03). The differences between Basketball-Weight lifting; basketball-Wrestling; Soccer-Wrestling; Soccer-martial arts; Weight lifting-Wrestling; and martial arts-Gymnastics were not significant. The same analyses results for the dynamic balance ranked martial arts (352.10 ± 20.82); Wrestling (342.81 ± 15.28); Soccer (338.75 ± 19.55); Gymnastics (333.46 ± 18.45); Weight lifting (309.84 ± 4.89), and basketball (289.27 ± 10.76). The differences between Soccer-Wrestling; Soccer- martial arts; Soccer-Gymnastics; Wrestling- martial arts; Wrestling-Gymnastics, and martial arts-Gymnastics were not significant (α = 0/05).
Conclusion: The present study showed that balance performance similar to lots of other exercise performances is specific to the sport type.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Balance
  • sport specificity
  • neuromuscular adaptation
  • Proprioception

مراجع

  1. Punakallio A. Balance abilities of workers in physically demanding jobs: With special reference to firefighters of different ages. J Sports Sci & Med 2005; 4(8): 7-14.
  2. Akuthota V, Nadler SF. Core strengthening. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85: 86-92.
  3. Winter DA, Patla AE, Frank JS. Assessment of balance control in humans. Med Prog Technol 1990; 16: 31-51.
  4. Grigg P. Peripheral neural mechanisms in proprioception. J Sport Rehabil. 1994; 3:2-17.
  5. Nashner LM, Black FO, Wall C 3rd. Adaptation to altered support and visual conditions during stance: patients with vestibular deficits. J Neurosci 1982; 2:536–544.
  6. Palmieri RM, Ingersoll CD, Cordova ML, Kinzey SJ, Stone MB, Krause BA. The effect of a simulated knee joint effusion on postural control in healthy subjects. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003; 84:1076–1079.
  7. Palmieri RM, Ingersoll CD, Stone MB, Krause BA. Center-of-pressure parameters used in the assessment of postural control. J Sport Rehabil 2002; 11:51–66.
  8. Phillip AG, W Steven T, Paul AW. Time-of-Day Influences on Static and Dynamic Postural Control. Journal of Athletic Training 2007; 42(1):35–41.
  9. Ashton-Miller JA, Wojtys EM, Huston LJ, Fry-Welch D. Can proprioception really be improved by exercises? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2001; 9: 128-136.
  10. Eadric B, Joshua CY, John K, Edward M. Comparison of Static and Dynamic Balance in Female Collegiate Soccer, Basketball, and Gymnastics Athletes.Journal of Athletic Training 2007; 42(1):42-46.
  11. Gauffin H, Tropp H, Odenrick P. Effect of ankle disk training on postural control in patients with functional instability of the ankle joint. Int J Sports Med 1988; 9:141–144.
  12. Rozzi SL, Lephart SM, Sterner R, Kuligowski L. Balance training for persons with functionally unstable ankles. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1999; 29: 478-486.
  13. Mati P, Jaan E, Helena G. Twitch contractile properties of plantar flexor muscles in power and endurance trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 1999; 80: 448-451.
  14. Heikki K, Paavo VK. Neuromuscular performance of lower limbs during voluntary and reflex activity in power- and endurance-trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 1994; 69: 233-239.
  15. Aydin T, Yildiz Y, Yildiz C, Atesalp S, Kalyon TA. Proprioception of the ankle: a comparison between female teenaged gymnasts and controls. Foot Ankle Int 2002; 23:123–129.
  16. Lephart SM, Giraldo JL, Borsa PA, Fu FH. Knee joint proprioception: a comparison between female intercollegiate gymnasts and controls. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 1996; 4:121–124.
  17. E Rosendahl, H Littbrand, N Lindelof, L Lundin-Olsson, Y Gustafson, L Nyberg. A high-intensity functional exercise program is applicable for older people with cognitive impairment. Research and Practice in Alzheimer’s Disease 2007; 12: 212-215.
  18. Jun I, Yohei O, Kazuhiko K, Tsuyoshi T, Mitsuyoshi U, Kiyoshi H. Efficacy of training program for ambulatory competence in elderly women. Keio J Med 2004; 53 (2): 85–89.
  19. Hay JG.. The Biomechanics of Sports Techniques. 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall 1993; 528.
  20. McClay IS, Robinson JR, Andriacchi TP. A kinematic profile of skills in professional basketball players. J Appl Biomech 1994; 10:205– 221.
  21. Orchard J. Is there a relationship between ground and climatic conditions and injuries in football? Sports Med 2002; 32:419–432.
  22. Timothy CH, Lyn F, Linda W, John K. Effects of T’ai Chi on Balance. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999; 125:1191-1195.
  23. Elizabeth JD, Deborah JO-K, Eric DB, Kent MO, Ilona BMcD-W, Robert AN. Running Versus Weight Lifting in the Treatment of Depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1987; 55(5): 748-754.
  24. Utter AC, Lambeth PG. Evaluation of Multi-Frequency BIA in Assessing Body Composition of  Wrestlers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009 Nov 13.
  25. McNitt-Gray JL. Kinematics and impulse characteristics of drop landings from three heights. Int J Sport Biomech 1991; 7:201–224.
  26. Riemann BL, Guskiewicz KM, Shields EW. Relationship between clinical and forceplate measures of postural stability. J Sport Rehabil 1999; 8:71–82.
  27. Plisky PJ, Rauh MJ, Kaminski TW, Underwood FB. Star Excursion Balance Test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2006; 36(12):911-919.
  28. Hertel J, Braham RA, Hale SA, Olmsted LC. Simplifying the Star Excursion Balance Test: analyses of subjects with and without ankle instability. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2006; 36:131-137.
  29. Scott ML, David HP, Freddie HFu, Kimberly M. Functional Performance Tests for the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Insufficient Athlete. Athletic Training 1991; 26, 44-50.
  30. Fry-Welch D. Improvement in Proprioceptive Acuity with Training [dissertation]. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan; 1998.
  31. Balter SGT, Stokroos RJ, Akkermans E, Kingma H. Habituation to galvanic vestibular stimulation for analysis of postural control abilities in gymnasts. Neurosci Lett 2004; 366:71–75.
  32. Paterno MV, Myer GD, Ford KR, Hewett TE. Neuromuscular training improves single-limb stability in young female athletes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2004; 34:305–316.
  33. Gregory L, Guillaume YM, Nicola AM, Nicolas B, Romuald L. Neuromuscular Differences Between Endurance-Trained, Power-Trained, and Sedentary Subjects. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2003; 17(3), 514–521.
  34. Mati P, Lea S, Jaan E, Helena G, Bernardo R, Vahur O. Postactivation potentiation of knee extensor muscles in power- and endurance-trained, and untrained women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007; 101:577–585.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 05 اسفند 1392
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 01 تیر 1393
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 05 شهریور 1393
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 دی 1393

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار