مقایسه فعالیت الکتریکی عضلات کوادریسپس بین سه نوع انقباض اکستنسور زانو با بارهای مختلف در زنان جوان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای بیومکانیک ورزشی، استادیار دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 دکترای حرکات اصلاحی، استادیار دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری حرکات اصلاحی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، کرج، ایران

4 کارشناس ارشد تربیت بدنی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف
انتخاب مناسب نوع انقباض برای دستیابی به آمادگی و قدرت عضله اهمیت زیادی دارد، به ویژه زمانی که هدف اصلی، بهبود قدرت بخش خاصی از کوادریسپس باشد. بنابراین، هدف پژوهش حاضر مقایسه فعالیت عضلات کوادریسپس بین سه نوع انقباض اکستنسور زانو با بارهای مختلف در زنان جوان است.
مواد و روش­ها
20 زن جوان با میانگین سن 5/4±7/24 سال، قد 4/9±3/168 سانتی­متر و وزن 2/7±6/62 کیلوگرم برای شرکت در پژوهش حاضر داوطلب شده و انقباضات ایزومتریک، کانسنتریک و اکسنتریک کوادریسپس را با بارهایی معادل 30-80 % وزنه یک تکرار بیشینه با دینامومتر ایزوکینتیک اجرا کردند. اندازه­گیری فعالیت وستوس­مدیالیس، وستوس­لترالیس و رکتوس­فموریس با الکترومایوگرافی 8 کاناله انجام شد. از آنالیز واریانس با اندازه­گیری مکرر و آزمون بونفرونی جهت تحلیل داده­ها، استفاده گردید.
یافته­ها
بین فعالیت عضلات پای برتر و غیربرتر تفاوتی وجود نداشت (05/0<P). فعالیت کوادریسپس کلی در انقباض اکسنتریک کمتر از کانسنتریک و ایزومتریک (000/0=P) و فعالیت وستوس مدیالیس و وستوس لترالیس بیشتر از رکتوس فموریس بود(002/0=P). در بارهای سبک­تر، وستوس لترالیس از دوعضله دیگر فعال­تر بود (01/0>P)، اما در بارهای سنگین­تر، تفاوتی مشاهده نشد. فعالیت کوادریسپس کلی در بارهای سبک­تر، در انقباض اکسنتریک کمتر از دو انقباض دیگر بود (01/0>P)، ولی در بارهای سنگین­تر تفاوتی مشاهده نشد.
نتیجه­گیری
از نتایج پژوهش حاضر چنین استنباط می­شود که گروه کوادریسپس بیشترین فعالیت را در طی انقباض کانسنتریک دارد. یافته جالب توجه­تر آنکه با تغییر نوع انقباض از اکنستریک به کانسنتریک، درگیری عضله وستوس مدیالیس بیشتر می­شود. چنین نتایجی در شرایط پاتولوژیک مزمن مفصل پاتلوفمورال کاربرد زیادی دارد، زیرا این اختلالات غالبا به ضعف کوادریسپس به ویژه بخش داخلی آن نسبت داده شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Quadriceps Muscle Electrical Activity among Three Types of Knee Extensor Contractions with Different Loads in Young Females

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyyed Hossein Hosseini 1
  • Farzaneh Saki 2
  • Shahabeddin Bagher 3
  • Atefeh Yarahmadi 4
1 PhD in Sport Biomechanics, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 PhD in Corrective Exercise, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport sciences, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3 PhD student in Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Kharazmi, Karaj, Iran
4 MSc in Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aim: Selection of contraction type to achieve muscle strength and fitness is very important, especially when the main goal is improvement of certain parts of quadriceps. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to compare the quadriceps muscles activity among three types of knee extensor contractions with different loads in young females.
Materials and Methods: A total of 20 healthy females with the mean age of 24.7±4.5 years, heaight 168.3±9.4 cm, and weight 62.6±7.2 kg, volunteered to participate in the study and performed isometric, concentric, and eccentric contractions with loads weighing 30-80% 1RM weight using isokinetic dynamometer. Measurement of vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris activity was carried out using 8-channels electromyography. Data analysis was performed running repeated measures analysis of variance and bonferroni tests.
Results: There was no difference observed between dominant and non-dominant lower limb in muscle activity (p>0.05). Quadriceps activity in eccentric contraction was less than concentric and isometric contractions (P=0.000), and vastus medialis and vastus lateralis activities were more than that of rectus femoris (P=0.002). In the lighter loads, vastus lateralis was more active than the other two muscles (P<0.01), but in the higher loads, no significant difference was observed. In lighter loads, quadriceps activity in eccentric contraction was less than those of the other two contractions (P<0.01), but in higher loads, no significant difference was noticed.
Conclusion: The results of the current study suggest that quadriceps group has the most activity during concentric contraction. The more interesting result is that by changing the contraction type from eccentric to concentric, recruitment of vastus medialis increases. These results are very important for chronic pathological conditions of the patellofemoral joint since these disorders are often attributed to the weakness of quadriceps, especially its medial part.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Quadriceps Muscles
  • Knee Extension
  • Contraction Type
  • Load

مراجع

  1. Oatis CA. Kinesiology: The Mechanics and Pathomechanics of Human Movement. 2nd Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009. 769-72.##
  2. Collado H., Fredericson M. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Clin Sports Med. 2010; 29(3): 379–98.##
  3. Lin F, Wilson NA, Makhsous M. In vivo patellar tracking induced by individual quadriceps components in individuals with patellofemoral pain. J Biomech. 2010; 43(2): 235–41.##
  4. Song CY, Lin JJ, Jan MH, Lin YF. The role of patellar alignment and tracking in vivo: The potential mechanism of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Phy Ther in Sport. 2011; 12(3): 140-7. ##
  5. Rezazade F, Ezzati K, Karimi N, Mahmoodpoor A, Valizadeh A. Comparison of the Balance Indices of Professional Athletes with and without Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Journal of Rehabilitation. 2013; 13(3): 49-55. [In Persian]##
  6. Wasielewski NJ, Parker TM, Kotsko KM. Evaluation of Electromyographic Biofeedback for the Quadriceps Femoris: A Systematic Review. J Athl Train. 2011; 46(5):543–554. ##
  7. Carlson K, Smith M.A. Cadaveric Analysis of the Vastus Medialis Longus and Obliquus and their Relationship to Patellofemoral Joint Function. Res J Biological Sci. 2012; 1(5): 70-3.##
  8. Becker I., Baxter GD, Woodley SJ. The vastus lateralis muscle: An anatomical investigation. Clinical Anatomy. 2010; 23(5): 575-85.##
  9. Willan PLT, Ransome JA, Mahon M. Variability in human quadriceps muscles: quantitative study and review of clinical literature. Clinical Anatomy. 2002; 15(2), 116–28.##
  10. Farahmand F, Senavongse W, Amis AA. Quantitative study of the quadriceps muscles and trochlear groove geometry related to instability of the patellofemoral joint. Journal of Orthopedic Research. 1998; 16(1), 136–43.##
  11. Giles LS, Webster KE, McClelland JA, Cook J. Does Quadriceps Atrophy Exist in Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain? A Systematic Literature Review with Meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 2013; 43(11): 766-76.##
  12. Irish SE, Millward AJ. The effect of closed-kinetic chain exercises and open-kinetic chain exercise on the muscle activity of vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis. JSCR. 2010; 24(5): 1256-62.##
  13. Peng HT, Kernozek TW, Song CY. Muscle activation of vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis during a dynamic leg press exercise with and without isometric hip adduction. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2013; 14(1): 44-9.##
  14. Hyong IH, Kang JH. Activities of the Vastus Lateralis and Vastus Medialis Oblique Muscles during Squats on Different Surfaces. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013; 25(8): 915–17.##
  15. Franke RA, Baroni BM, Rodrigues R, Geremia JM, Lanferdini FJ, et al. Neural and morphological adaptations of vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles to isokinetic eccentric training. Motriz, Rio Claro, 2014; 20(3): 317-24.##
  16. Elias JJ, Kilambi S, Goerke DR, Cosgarea AJ. Improving vastus medialis obliquus function reduces pressure applied to lateral patellofemoral cartilage. J Orthop Res. 2009; 27(5):578-83.##
  17. Elias JJ, Bratton DR, Weinstein DM, Cosgarea AJ. Comparing two estimations of the quadriceps force distribution for use during patellofemoral simulation. J Biomech. 2006; 39(5): 865–72.##
  18. Alkner BA, Tesch PA, Berg HE. Quadriceps EMG/force relationship in knee extension and leg press. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2000; 32(2): 459–63.##
  19. Pincivero DM, Gandhi V, Timmons MK, Coelho AJ. Quadriceps femoris electromyogram during concentric, isometric and eccentric phases of fatiguing dynamic knee extensions. Journal of Biomechanics. 2006; 39(2): 246–54.##
  20. Bilodeau M, Schindler-Ivens S, Williams DM, Chandran R, Sharma SS. EMG frequency content changes with increasing force and during fatigue in the quadriceps femoris muscle of men and women. J Electromyogr Kines. 2003; 13(1): 83–92.##
  21. Selseth A, Dayton M, Cordova ML, lngersoll CD, Merrick MA. Quadriceps concentric EMC activity is greater than eccentric EMG activity during the lateral step-up exercise. J Sport Rehabil. 2000; 9(2): 124-34.##
  22. Kellis E, Baltzopoulos V. Muscle activation differences between eccentric and concentric isokinetic exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1998; 30(11): 1616–23.##
  23. Krol H, Mynarski W. A comparison of mechanical parameters between the counter movement jump and drop jump in biathletes. J Hum Kinet. 2012; 34(1): 59-68.##
  24. Boling MC, Padua DA, Marshall SW, Guskiewicz K, Pyne S, Beutler A. A prospective investigation of biomechanical risk factors for patellofemoral pain syndrome: the joint undertaking to monitor and prevent ACL injury (JUMP-ACL) cohort. Am. J. Sports Med. 2009; 37(11): 2108-16.##
  25. Bakhtiary A, Fatemi E. Open versus closed kinetic chain exercises for patellar chondromalacia. Br. J. Sports Med. 2008; 42(2): 99-102. ##
  26. Syme G, Rowe P, Martin D, Daly G. Disability in patients with chronic patellofemoral pain syndrome: A randomised controlled trial of VMO selective training versus general quadriceps strengthening. Manual Therapy. 2009; 14(3): 252-63.##
  27. Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000; 10(5): 361-74.##
  28. Carpes FP, Diedenthaeler F, Bini RR, Stefanyshyn D, Faria IE, Mota CB. Does leg preference affect muscle activation and efficiency? J Electromyogr Kines. 2010; 20(6):1230-1236.##
  29. Bartlomiej N, Malgorzata L, Jan M. Differences in bioelectrical activity of quadriceps muscle during various types of contraction. Baltic journal of health and physical activity. 2013; 5(3): 184-90.##
  30. Pincivero DM, Coelho AJ. Activation linearity and parallelism of the superficial quadriceps muscles across the isometric intensity spectrum. Muscle and Nerve. 2000; 23(3): 393–8.##
  31. Blazevich AJ, Horne S, Cannavan D, Coleman DR, Aagaard P. Effect of contraction mode of slow-speed resistance training on the maximum rate of force development in the human quadriceps. Muscle and Nerve. 2008; 38(3): 1133-46.##
  32. Baroni BM, Geremia JM, Rodrigues R, Franke RA, Karamini­dis K, Vaz MA. Muscle architecture adaptations to knee extensor eccentric training: rectus femoris vs. vastus lateralis. Muscle and Nerve. 2013; 48(4): 498-506.##
  33. Fang Y, Siemionow V, Sahgal V, Xiong F, Yue GH. Greater movement related cortical potential during human eccentric versus concentric muscle contractions. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2001; 86(4): 1764-72.##
  34. Babault N, Pousson M, Ballay Y, Hoecke JV. Activation of human quadriceps femoris during isometric, concentric, and eccentric contractions. J Appl Physiol. 2001; 91(6): 2628–34.##
  35. Bowyer D, Armstrong M, Dixon J, Smith TO. The vastus medialis oblique: vastus lateralis electromyographic intensity radio does not differ by gender in young participants without knee pathology. Physiotherapy. 2008; 84(4):168-73.##
  36. Beltman JGM, Sargeant AJ, van Mechelen W, De Haan A. Voluntary activation level and muscle fiber recruitment of human quadriceps during lengthening contractions. J Appl Physiol. 2004; 97(2): 619-26.##
  37. Pincivero DM, Coelho AJ, Campy RM. Contraction mode shift in quadriceps femoris muscle activation during dynamic knee extensor exercise with increasing loads. Journal of Biomechanics. 2008; 41(15): 3127–32##
  38. Akima H, and Saito A. Inverse activation between the deeper vastus intermedius and superficial muscles in the quadriceps during dynamic knee extensions. Muscle & nerve. 2013; 47(1): 682-90.##
  39. Rozzi SL, Lephart SM, Gear WS, Fu FH. Knee joint laxity and neuromuscular characteristics of male and female soccer and basketball players. The American journal of sports medicine. 1999; 27(3): 312-9.##
دوماهنامه علمی - پژوهشی طب توانبخشی
دوره 5، شماره 4
آذر و دی 1395
صفحه 65-75

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 مهر 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 14 دی 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 15 دی 1394
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 دی 1395

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار