مروری بر عملکرد مکانیکی سلول های بافت های موثر در حرکت انسان

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد تمام دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

 

مقدمه و اهداف
مطالعه بدن انسان به­شکل سلولی و ریز مولکولی، از شاخه­های نوین علوم درمانی و توانبخشی است. از آنجا که متغیر­های مکانیکی، تنظیم­گر عملکرد سلولی هستند، مشخصه­های مکانیکی از جمله مطالعه نیروها، فشارها، تنش­ها و سرعت برای شناخت بهتر رفتار سلولی بافت­های بدن انسان مورد توجه قرار گرفته است.
مواد و روش ها
بررسی مقالات در پایگاه­های اطلاعاتی معتبر ScienceDirect، PubMed با جستجوی کلمات سلول، بیومکانیک، بافت، عضله، تاندون، لیگامنت، میکرو در قالب ارزیابی چهل مقاله وابسته انجام گرفت.
نتیجه­گیری
در مطالعه­ی حاضر، رویکردهای مطالعه مکانیکی بافت­ها و روش­های ارزیابی آن­ها مطرح شد. براساس پیشینه­های علمی در دسترس، مکش میکروپیپت و میکروسکوپ نیروی اتمی، روش­های مناسبی برای شناخت ویژگی­های مکانیکی سلول به­شمار می­رود. به­علاوه، مطالعاتی نیز روی بافت سلول­های مینیسک، تاندون و عضلات انجام شده است. در این زمینه، مطالعات موجود عمده روش­های پیشگیری از آسیب و درمان را از طریق میکرو خاطرنشان می­کند. با این حال، در مطالعات پیش رو تناقضاتی وجود دارد، به­طوری که مکانیسم میکروسکوپی که زیربنای عملکرد مکانیکی بافت­های بدن را مشخص می­کند، کاملاً مشخص نیست. بنابراین به­کار بردن روش­های نسبتاً جدید و تحقیقات کامل­تر برای ارزیابی عملکرد مکانیکی بافت­ها در سطوح میکرو و نانو جهت درک عمیق­تر در تحقیقات آتی، سودمند خواهد بود. در مقاله­ی حاضر مروری برای آشنایی بیشتر پژوهشگران به چالش­های پیش روی بررسی سلولی عضلات، تاندون­ها و لیگامنت­ها در سطح میکرو، دستگاه­های به­کاررفته و موارد بیومکانیکی مختلف، اشاره شده است و تلاش می­شود که اهمیت این روش­ها بیشتر نمایان گردد. در این مقاله مروری، هدف جمع‌آوری، دسته‌بندی و ارائه خلاصه‌ای از نتایج این دست مطالعات می‌باشد، به­نحوی که بتوان با شتاب بیشتر پیرامون اطلاعات وابسته در زمینه عملکرد مکانیکی سلول­های مؤثر در حرکت انسان را به‌دست آورد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Overview of the Mechanical Function of Tissue Cells Affecting Human Movement

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parastoo Shamsehkohan 1
  • Heydar Sadeghi 2
1 PhD Candidate in Sport Biomechanics, Department of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 Full Professor of Faculity of Physical Education and Sport Science, Department of Sport Biomechanics, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Aim: Cellular study of the human body is new in clinical and rehabilitation sciences. Since mechanical variables are regulators of cellular functions, a study of properties including forces, stresses, strains, and velocities is considered for a better understanding of conventional methods of cellular behavior. Articles were found in reputable databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed searching the keywords: cells, biomechanics, tissue, muscle, tendon, ligament, and micro and a final check was performed on 40 directly related articles.
Conclusions: In the current study, the aspects of tissues mechanical study and their assessment methods are addressed. According to the previous research, micropipette aspiration and atomic force microscopy are good methods for understanding the mechanical properties of the cell. Although some studies are carried out on cellular meniscus, tendons, and muscles, inconsistencies were observed. In this context, the studies note the major injury prevention and treatment methods through micro methods. Also, the microscopic mechanisms underlying the specific mechanical performance of body tissue are not quite clear. Therefore, the use of relatively new methods and more detailed studies seems essential in order to evaluate the mechanical performance of tissues in micro and nano levels to provide a light insight into the mechanical properties of tissues in future research. In the present review, the challenges facing cellular study of muscles, tendons, and ligaments at the micro level and the various used biomechanical devices have been noted. In the current article, the aim is to collect, classify and summarize the results of the studies, which can provide quick thorough information on the mechanical function of cells affecting human movement.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cell
  • Biomechanics
  • Rehabilitation
  • Rissue
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