مقایسه وضوح گفتار در بیان کلمه و جمله کودکان فارسی زبان شهرستان قائمشهر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گفتاردرمانی، دانشکده توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

2 کارشناسی ارشد گفتاردرمانی، مربی، گروه گفتاردرمانی، دانشکده علوم توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

3 دکترای تخصصی گفتاردرمانی، استادیار، گروه گفتاردرمانی، دانشکده علوم توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

4 دکترای تخصصی آموزش بهداشت، دانشیار، گروه مدیریت توانبخشی، دانشکده علوم توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

5 کارشناسی ارشد کاردرمانی، مربی، گروه کاردرمانی، دانشکده بهداشت و پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
در اختلالات گفتار کودکان، تعیین درصد وضوح گفتار از شاخص­های مهم ارزیابی به شمار می­رود. بیان کلمات مجزا و جملات از جهاتی چون تاثیر آواها بر هم، با یکدیگر تفاوت دارند که احتمالا بر وضوح گفتار اثر می­گذارند. در پژوهش حاضر تلاش شده است تا به این پرسش پاسخ داده شود که آیا درصد وضوح گفتار در این دو آزمون یکسان است یا متفاوت.
مواد و روش­ها
در پژوهش حاضر مقطعی، 120 کودک (60 دختر و 60 پسر) از میان کودکان بهنجار فارسی­زبان مهد کودک‏های شهرستان قائمشهر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. نمونه گفتار آزمودنی‏ها با نامیدن تصاویر و تکرار جملات جمع‏آوری شد. صدای آزمودنی‏ها ضبط شد و وضوح گفتار کودکان در قالب 4 گروه با فاصله شش ماه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مقایسه وضوح دو نمونه گفتاری با آزمون ویلکاکسون و رابطه نمره­ی وضوح آزمودنی­ها در بیان کلمه وجمله با آزمون آماری اسپیرمن تعیین شد.
یافته­ها
میانگین وضوح گفتار کودکان در آزمون کلمه 94% (66/ 10SD=) و در آزمون جمله 02/96% (65/9SD=) بود. در هر دو آزمون بین گروه­های سنی تفاوت معنادار بوده است )05/0=α(. بین وضوح کلمه و جمله در گروه سنی مختلف همبستگی بالایی وجود داشت (000/0P=). تفاوت معناداری بین وضوح گفتار دختران و پسران مشاهده نشد (05/0p=).
بحث و نتیجه­ گیری
تفاوت معنادار درصد وضوح گفتار در آزمون کلمه و جمله نشان می­دهد که عوامل زبانی و ارتباطی موثر بر درک شنونده از گفتار دیگران در کلمه و جمله تفاوت­هایی با یکدیگر دارند؛ بنابراین در اندازه­گیری وضوح گفتار یک فرد با این دو آزمون نباید عدد مشابهی را انتظار داشت. بالا بودن درصد وضوح گفتار در آزمون جمله می­تواند ناشی از فراوانی سرنخ­های معنایی در جمله باشد که توان حدس زدن شنونده را افزایش می­دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Speech Intelligibility in the Expression of Words and Sentences in Persian-Speaking Children in Ghaemshahr City

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sima Vaziri 1
  • Ali Ghorbani 2
  • Farhad Torabinezhad 3
  • Mohammad Kamali 4
  • Farkhondeh Jamshidi 5
1 MSc Student in Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 MSc in Speech Therapy, Lecturer, Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 PhD in Speech Therapy, Assistant Professor, Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4 PhD in Health Education, Associate Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Management, School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5 MSc in Occupational Therapy, Instructor, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Paramedical and Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aim: In children's speech disorders, assessing the percentage index of speech intelligibility is important. Expression of single words and sentences in some ways, such as the effect of voices on eachother, is different, that may affect speech intelligibility. In the present study, attempts were made to answer the question whether the percentages of speech intelligibility are different in these two tests.
Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 120 healthy children (60 girls and 60 boys) were chosen among all kindergartens in Ghaemshahr city, Iran. Children's speech samples were collected by means of calling pictures and repeating sentences. The voices were tape-recorded and children's speech intelligibility was studied in four age groups within six months. Comparison of the intelligibility of the two speech samples was carried out using Wilcoxon Tests and the correlation between children’s scores in the expression of words and sentences was determined using Spearman correlation.
Results: The mean score of the speech intelligibility was 94% (SD=10.66) in the words test and 96/02% (SD=9.65) in the sentence test. A significant difference was observed between age groups in both tests (α =0/05). Also, there was a significant correlation between the intelligibility of words and sentences (p=0.000). However, no statistically significant difference was found between boys and girls.
Conclusion: The significant difference found in the speech intelligibility percentages of words and sentence test shows that language and communication factors affecting the listener's understanding of others' speech are different. So, in measuring the speech intelligibility using these two tests, we should not expect similar results. Increase in the speech intelligibility percentage in sentence test may be due to the abundance of semantic clues, which can increase the listener's guessing capability.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Speech Intelligibility
  • Speech assessment
  • Speech sample
  • Intelligibility words
  • Intelligibility sentence
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