نقش پتانسیل های وابسته به رخداد در بررسی توجه انتخابی شنوایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 جراح ومتخصص گوش وحلق و بینی، دانشیار دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری شنوایی شناسی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف
توجه انتخابی به معنای توانایی ذهنی برای انتخاب اطلاعات مرتبط از وقایع اکوستیک اطراف و ممانعت از ورود محرک مداخله­گر می­باشد. چهار فرآیند اساسی در توجه نقش دارند که شامل حافظه فعال، انتخاب رقابتی، کنترل پایین­نورد و کنترل بالانورد می­باشد. پتانسیل­های وابسته به رخداد، ابزار مفید برای بررسی توجه هستند.
مواد و روش ها
در بررسی حاضر برخی مباحث مطرح شده در ارتباط با نقش ERP شنوایی در بررسی توجه انتخابی در مقالات از بانک­های اطلاعاتی ,Scopus PubMed، Google Scholar، Science Direct ازسال­های 1988 تا 2015 و با استفاده از کلیدواژه­های توجه انتخابی، پتانسیل­های وابسته به رخداد، حافظه در حال اجرا، کنترل بالانورد و کنترل پایین­نورد انتخاب و بررسی شدند.
نتیجه­ گیری
توجه شنوایی باعث انتخاب اطلاعات برای ورود به حافظه فعال می­شود و دسترسی به حافظه فعال از طریق قدرت محرک برای رقابت با سایر اطلاعات است. قدرت محرک به­صورت خودکار توسط فیلتر بالانورد بر اساس برجسته بودن محرک و سیگنال­های پایین­نورد ناشی از حافظه فعال تنظیم می­شود و کنترل ارادی توجه در چرخه حافظه فعال،کنترل حساسیت پایین­نورد و انتخاب رقابتی نمایان می­شود. این چارچوب به عنوان ابزاری برای بررسی و سهولت مطالعه سازوکارهای عصبی دخیل در توجه شنوایی به کمک پتانسیل­های برانگیخته است. دو الگوی مطرح در توجه انتخابی شنوایی، "فرضیه بهره" و "فرضیه رد" توجهی است که فرضیه بهره به نقش سطوح پایین و حلزون و فرضیه رد توجهی به نقش قشر در توجه می­پردازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of ERP in Evaluation of Auditory Selective Attention

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdollah Mousavi 1
  • parisa Rasouli fard 2
  • Leila Faraji 2
1 Otorhinolaryngologist, Associate Professor, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD candidate of Audiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Audiology department, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aim: Auditory selective attention refers to the mental ability to resist distractor stimuli and to select relevant information from the surrounding acoustic events. Four processes are fundamental to attention: working memory, competitive selection, bottom-up, and top-down sensitivity control. ERP is a useful tool for evaluating selective attention.
Method: In the present review article, relevant topics on the role of ERP in evaluating selective attention was searched in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases using keywords including selective attention, ERP, working memory, bottom up, and top down control between the years 1988 up to 2015.
Conclusion: Auditory attention selects the information to enter the working memory. Access to working memory is determined by the relative signal strengths of competing representations of information. Signal strength is modulated automatically by bottom-up salience filters and is modulated top-down by bias signals that are controlled by working memory and voluntary control of attention is mediated by a recurrent loop comprising working memory, top-down sensitivity control, and competitive selection. The framework for attention proposed in the current review is intended to act as a tool to facilitate the study of neural mechanisms underlying auditory attention by ERPs. Two principal models regarding auditory selective attention are “gain theory” and “attentional trace theory”, the first related to lower level and cochlea and the second to cortical level.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Selective Attention
  • ERP
  • Working memory
  • Bottom-up Control
  • Top-down Control
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دوره 6، شماره 1
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1396
صفحه 264-278
  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 بهمن 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 29 فروردین 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 13 اردیبهشت 1395
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 فروردین 1396